ASEAN Integration by cultural and Literal Development Essay

â€Å"PASUC socio cultural and literary development towards ASEAN Integration† How does PASUC socio cultural and literary development can be a way towards ASEAN Integration? (Not yet done) Progress. A very immense word, hard to achieve and a very high goal for 3rd class countries. Seven thousand and a hundred seven islands called Philippines are bounded with a gift from God in the form of knowledge and wisdom. It has been achieved through the pains, sweat and blood of our forefathers. At times like this where economic discrepancy is being a crisis in all the parts of the globe, our knowledge needs improvement. This leads to new disputes that have given our generation an endeavour to strive more to achieve socio cultural and literary development; making progress towards ASEAN Integration. Literary and socio cultural development offers a great opportunity not only to oneself but also to the country in different terms to make Philippines globally competitive. Achieving such development requires a lot of effort since community should be first educated on what the integration entails so entrepreneurs can maximize the benefits of free trade. The Integration is expected to boost investments, job creation, and incomes in the region. While the ASEAN Integration is expected to level the playing field among industries in the region, it is also expected that Philippine firms should brace for an intense competition with their ASEAN counterparts. An intense competition will therefore raise the bar for innovation, quality and productivity, which will enable businesses to compete head on with other players. To be able to compete to neighbouring countries in Asia, Philippines in terms of economic factor, we should be literate and socio cultural aware. Starting from our University can create such big change. Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges indeed hones students to be more knowledgeable by introducing programs that develops literacy. For example, conducting contests and trainings that levels up wisdom of students. Literacy and socio cultural awareness gives Filipinos confidence in facing not only local employers but also abroad. This is evidenced by Filipinos all over the globe standing out in their chosen career. Since ASEAN or Association of South East Asian Nation is one of the highest organizations here in Asia, it is an honour and a great privilege to be the part of the said integration. Again, the young and the  middle class are the drivers of growth. However, we cannot capitalize on these opportunities if we do not do the right things. In the case of the Philippines, we need to invest in educating our young people. That is the challenge for the PASUC – to become a catalyst for integration itself. It will be a more daunting challenge for smaller sections like Universities but this is where the=government can step in to facilitate the sharing of information. It is at this point in time that the vital role of PASUC as well as the students must come to the fore by being the instrument in influencing people in embracing and promoting socio cultural and literary development through University honing for achieving positive results that constructs a bridge to ASEAN integration. Particularly, the school must engage in enforcing the application of higher quality of education and trainings. Not only PASUC must tighten the grip to the goals but also the Filipinos themselves. Cooperation and teamwork can make this happen, for one voice might be a whisper but a thousand whispers make a big ROAR.

Rachel Carson and the Fight Against Indiscriminate Pesticide Use Essay

In her 1962 book, Silent Spring, Rachel Carson details the dangers of indiscriminate pesticide use, which had â€Å"already silenced the voice of spring in countless towns in America† (Carson (1962) page 3). ‘Miss Carson,’ as many of her detractors referred to her, received ridicule from academics, industry leaders and professional journals for over a decade. Years after her death, conservative and libertarian groups such as the Cato Institute, American Enterprise Institute and the Competitive Enterprise Institute attacked her and the apparent successes for environmentalism in the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency and the ban of DDT to provide an example of a ‘failed’ government program. Rachel Carson revealed the dangers imposed by indiscriminate pesticide use in her 1962 book, Silent Spring. Although Carson used DDT as her focus, the chemical was an example of the numerous synthesized pesticides employed in many aspects of mankind†™s daily lives. As a biologist with the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Carson was alerted to the â€Å"numerous case reports of damage to birds and fish after DDT application† and believed that â€Å"because DDT was so effective, it unbalanced ecosystems† (Oreskes (2010) page 219). Carson expanded her research and eventually published her revealing book to alert the public and bring an end to indiscriminate use. The book made numerous claims against pesticides, illustrated the destruction caused by prior use and warned of a future in which â€Å"over increasingly large areas†¦ spring comes unheralded by the return of the birds, and the early mornings are strangely silent where once they were filled with the beauty of bird song† (Carson (1962) page 88). These â€Å"elixers of death,† she warned, are less insecticides as they are â€Å"biocides† (Carson (1962) pages 15, 8), infiltrating water supplies, food supplies and organisms from the bald eagle to man. â€Å"If [Silent Spring] stimulated the public to press for unwise and ill-conceived restrictions on the production, use or development of new chemicals, it will be the consumer who suffers.† Dr. William Darby, 1962 Heralded as one of the most influential books in the environmental movement, Carson’s writing was less scientific and more thought provoking. Her often-extreme word choices and diction provided a sense of urgency for some, but drew many detractors. Doctor William Darby, a Professor of Biochemistry at Vanderbilt University, reviewed Silent Spring shortly after its publishing. According to Darby, the â€Å"dramatic description[s]† were simply a ploy to mask other scientific findings are mislead the public (Darby (1962)). Darby accused Carson of â€Å"name-drops by quoting or referring to renowned scientists out of context†¦ [leading] the reader to conclude that the authority mentioned is in accord with the author’s position† (Darby (1962)). To further refute her claims, Darby refers to her as â€Å"Miss Carson† throughout his essay. This treatment of certainly harmed, or was an attempt to harm, her credibility in the scientific field. He continues â€Å"her ignorance or biases on some of the considerations throw doubt on her competence to judge policy† (Darby (1962)). Darby stated that â€Å"if it stimulated the public to press for unwise and ill-conceived restrictions on the production, use or development of new chemicals, it will be the consumer who suffers.† Here was an academic, in the field of biochemistry, blatantly denouncing Carson and her conclusions. In The Chemicals Around Us, a viewpoint published in Chemical Weekly in July 1962, Carson was referred to as a â€Å"crank† and that her writing style was more indicative of â€Å"a lawyer preparing a brief† (Chemical Weekly (1962)). Obviously a somewhat biased publication, the article continued to claim that although â€Å"her facts are correct, her conclusions less certain, and her innuendos misleading†¦ such a public be damned attitude was outmoded some years ago and†¦ too many people are watching.† The phrase, â€Å"too many people are watching† referred to the chemical industry and pro-chemical government, implying that despite her efforts, they would fight back against such erroneous claims with ease. Carson’s detractors were not publishing this information against her for publicity, but were concerned. They were not concerned about the indiscriminate use of pesticides, but rather the ability of public outrage and the future of the chemicals industry. By attacking Carson’s conclusions and writing style, they could distract from the dangerous scientific findings. Facing harsh criticism, Carson’s urgent push for policy against indiscriminate pesticide use seemed to stall. When President Kennedy tasked the President’s Science Advisory Committee with investigating the claims, a new hope emerged. Although the committee did not back or deny Carson’s claims, they lay the burden of proof â€Å"on those who argued that persistent pesticides w ere safe† (Oreskes (2010) page 222). The paradigm shifted against the chemical industry. The findings established that the industry itself was tasked with proving the pesticides used were not a danger to human health or the environment, â€Å"explicitly invoking the standard of reasonable doubt,† rather than those against indiscriminate use proving pesticides were a danger (Oreskes (2010) pages 220-224). According to Naomi Oreskes and Erik Conway in their 2010 book, Merchants of Doubt, â€Å"the legal phrase reasonable doubt suggests that they were guided by existing legal frameworks†¦ to demonstrate the safety of their products,† and that â€Å"manufacturers had not demonstrated the safety of DDT, and reasonable people now had reason to doubt it† (Oreskes (2010) page 222). It took two more Presidential Administrations before President Nixon authorized the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970 and in 1972, the ban on the use of DDT in the United States. The environmental movement, the work done by Rachel Carson, the President’s Science Advisory Committee, numerous scientists and the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency and banning of DDT was often heralded as a true governmental policy success story. Not until the early 2000s did the evidence exist that DDT was in fact harmful to humans, and a dangerous carcinogen (Oreskes (2010) page 229). For three decades, the establishment of the EPA was used as an example to follow for the creation of new social, economic and environmental policies. As conservative and libertarian think tanks in the mid 1990s were facing new policies and government regulation conflicting with their ideals, a new strategy for combat emerged. By slandering Carson, â€Å"freemarketeers realized [they] could strengthen the argument against regulation in general. (Oreskes (2010) page 218). To argue against regulation, they would destroy the main example of successful policy and regulation: the establishment of the EPA and banning of DDT. In the late 1990s, groups such as the Cato Institute, American Enterprise Institute and the Competitive Enterprise Institute renewed the attacks on Rachel Carson and the â€Å"junk-science†Ã¢â‚¬â€scientific findings that could not be explained under the free-market system—that led to the ban of DDT in the United States. These think tanks, backed monetarily by Philip Morris and other corporation, â€Å"organized off-the record briefings [with members of Congress], wrote and placed op-ed pieces, and organized radio interviews† (Oreskes, (2010) page 234). The Heartland Institute, focused on â€Å"free-market solutions to social and economic problems†¦ insist[ed] that some one million†¦lives could be saved annually† in developing countries around the world through the use of DDT (Oreskes (2010) page 2 33). There were even claims that her â€Å"false alarm† about pesticides led to the death of millions, making her â€Å"worse than Hitler† (Oreskes (2010) page 217). By destroying Carson’s reputation at the expense of key facts and scientific findings, these groups were changing history. â€Å"Orwell understood that those in power will always seek to control history, because whoever controls the past controls the present† (Oreskes (2010) page 238). Conservative and Libertarian think tanks believed they could control history to derail the progress of regulatory authority in the United States. In the forward to Silent Spring, Carson quotes Albert Schweitzer, â€Å"Man has lost the capacity to foresee and to forestall, He will end by destroying the earth† (Carson (1962) Forward). According to Carson, â€Å"it took hundreds of millions of years for life to produce the life that now inhabits the earth†¦ [and] to adjust to these chemicals would require time on the scale that is nature’s, it would require not merely the years of a man’s life but he life of generations† (Carson (1962) page 7). Rachel Carson believed indiscriminate pesticide use and the continued development of synthetic chemicals would devastate our planet in a way that would require generations for the environment to reach equilibrium. E. B. White, an American essayist once wrote, â€Å"I am pessimistic about the human race because it is too ingenious for its own good. Our approach to nature is to beat it into submission. We would stand a better chance of survival is we accommodated ourselves to the planet and viewed it appreciatively instead of skeptically and dictatorially† (Carson (1962) Forward). By allowing the leaders of this nation to be manipulated by groups controlling history, we failed not only Rachel Carson, but ourselves, our environment and our future. Carson, Rachel. Silent Spring. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Co, 1962. (Carson (1962)) â€Å"The Chemicals Around Us.† Viewpoint, Chemical Weekly. July 14, 1962: 5. (Chemical Weekly (1962)) Darby, William J. Text from Jukes, Thomas, 1962. â€Å"A Town in Harmony.† Chemical & Engineering News (Aug 18): 5. (Darby (1962)) Oreskes, Naomi, and Erik M. Conway. â€Å"Chapter 7: Denial Rides Again.† Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming. New York: Bloomsbury, 2010. (Oreskes (2010))

Vapor Pressure and Heat Evaporation Lab Report

Vapor Pressure and Heat of Vaporization Introduction: ?Evaporation is the process of a liquid becoming vaporized. When a liquid is placed into a confined space some of the liquids will evaporate. Evaporation of the liquid depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces that are between liquid molecules. During the evaporation process of the liquid, new gas molecules exerts pressure in the sealed container, while some of the gas condenses back to the liquid state. ?If the temperature inside the container is kept constant, then the equilibrium at some point will be reached.When the equilibrium is reached, the rate of condensation is equal to the rate of evaporation and the rate of vapor pressure will remain constant as long as the temperature in the sealed container does not change. ?The relationship between the vapor pressure of a liquid and temperature is described in the Clausius-Clayperon equation: lnP= ? Hvap / R (1/T)+C. where 1nP is the natural logarithm of the vapor pressu re, ? Hvap is the change in heat vaporization, R is the universal gas constant, which is (8. 31 J/mol†¢K), T is the absolute, or Kelvin, temperature, and C is the constant that is not related to heat capacity.Therefore, Clausius-Clayperon equation does not only describes how vapor pressure is affected by the temperature, but relates to the factors of heat vaporization of a liquid. ?The purpose of this experiment is to determine the relationship between the pressure and temperature of the volatile liquids. The pressure will be measured in a sealed vessel that contains different types of liquids such as methanol, ethanol and propanol. It will be measured several times at different temperatures. At the conclusion of this experiment, the heat of vaporization will be able to be calculated.Materials: ?To be able to complete this lab procedure, the materials that are needed is a Vernier computer interface, a Vernier Gas Pressure Sensor, temperature probe, rubber stopper assembly, plas tic tubing with two connectors, hot plate, ice, one twenty milliliter syringe, one 400 milliliter beaker, two 125 milliliter Erlenmeyer flasks, one 1 liter beaker, ethanol, methanol, and 1-propanol. Methods: ?The first step in performing this experiment is to obtain and wear goggles. The alcohols used in this experiment are flammable and poisonous.The second step is to obtain the materials that are needed and set them up as accordingly. The third step is to use a hot plate to heat 200 milliliters of water in a 400 milliliter beaker. The fourth step is to prepare a room temperature water bath in a 1 liter beaker. The fifth step is to connect the Gas Pressure Sensor to channel one of the Vernier computer interface, then connect the Temperature Probe to channel two of the interface and then connect it to a computer. The sixth step is to use the clear tubing to connect the white stopper to the Gas Pressure Sensor.The white stopper must be twisted snugly into the neck of the Erlenmeyer f lask, to avoid losing any of the gas that will be produced when the liquid starts evaporating. The most important thing to do is to remember to close the valve on the white stopper. ?The seventh step is to draw in 3 milliliters of methanol into the 20 milliliter syringe that is part of the Gas Pressure Sensor accessories. Place the syringe onto the valve of the white stopper. The eighth step is to start the Logger Pro program and open the file â€Å"34 Vapor† from the Advanced Chemistry with Vernier folder. The ninth step is to click â€Å"collect† to begin collecting data.The first measurement will be the pressure of the air in the flask and the room temperature. Place the Temperature Probe near the flask. When the pressure and temperature readings are stabilized, click â€Å"keep† to record the readings. The tenth step is to add methanol to the flask by opening the valve below the syringe, push down on the syringe to inject the 1-propanol and quickly close the valve. Afterwards, remove the syringe from the stopper and monitor the pressure and temperature readings. ?The eleventh step is to place the stoppered flask into the 1 liter beaker of room temperature water.Place the Temperature Probe in the water bath and monitor the pressure and temperature readings. The twelfth step is to add a small amount of hot water to warm the water bath by only a few degrees. Stir the water with the temperature probe and monitor the pressure and temperature readings. For the thirteenth step, repeat step twelve until five trials are completed. Add hot water for each trial so the temperature of the water bath increases. After the fifth trail is recorded, open the valve to release the pressure in the flask and dispose of the alcohol as directed.The fifteenth step is to end the data collection and record the pressure and temperature readings in the data table. When recording the data, record the pressure valve of the first data point as Pair for trials one and two and record the temperature for trial one. Record the pressure value of the second data point as Ptotal for trial two as well as the temperature. The remaining values are recorded as Ptotal for trial two as well as the appropriate temperature. The last and final step is to clean the work area. Data Table: Methanol Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trail 4 Trail 5 Ptotal (mmHg) 103. 1 04. 5 105. 8 101. 9 Pair (mmHg) 101. 3 102. 4 103. 3 104. 4 105. 2 Pvap (mmHg) 0. 7 1. 2 1. 4 2. 7 Temperature (Celsius) 22. 6 25. 8 28. 3 31. 2 34. 0 Ethanol Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trail 4 Trail 5 Ptotal (mmHg) 106. 3 94. 7 98. 9 112. 9 Pair (mmHg) 100. 8 100. 8 92. 78 96. 0 103. 4 Pvap (mmHg) 5. 4 1. 92 2. 9 9. 5 Temperature (Celsius) 23. 9 24. 0 0. 3 9. 9 31. 7 Propanol Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trail 4 Trail 5 Ptotal (mmHg) 101. 7 104. 9 106. 1 108. 3 Pair (mmHg) 100. 4 101. 1 102. 2 103. 1 104. 0 Pvap (mmHg) 0. 6 2. 7 3. 0 4. 3 Temperature (Celsius) 23. 8 23. 7 0. 2 6. 5 29. 1 Discussion At the end of thi s experiment, the results we obtained varied because of the different temperatures and pressures that we observed. During the evaporation process of the liquid, gas molecules exerts pressure in the sealed container, while some of the gas condenses back to the liquid state. If the temperature inside the container is kept constant, then the equilibrium was reached. When the equilibrium is reached, the rate of condensation is equal to the rate of evaporation and the rate of vapor pressure will remain constant as long as the temperature in the sealed container does not change.

U. S. Education Today & Tomorrow Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

U. S. Education Today & Tomorrow - Assignment Example ermore, the understanding of race and multicultural issues has grown rapidly due to globalization and therefore, a more advanced curriculum is needed to address all these issues. The increase in globalization affects employment which is the main aim of education. Consequently, schools will be forced to consider a changing market and skills demand in the curriculum in order to suit the required skills of competing on the international labor pool. Moreover, the schools will be forced to adjust in a way that they can address the issues of global conflicts and how to resolve them. The global differences in culture influences the policies of education systems. Consequently, it is more evident in the multicultural societies of advanced countries. In addition, increasing globalization continues to put pressure on how different cultures both locally and internationally should co-relate in the sense that they still share the same interest. Consequently, education will eventually change in a way that the local cultures are still preserved. To this end, education initially focused on the needs of building an individual to fit in the community. However, this has continued to change with the increase of globalization because education continues to be advanced in order to cater for the issues of global world. The use of digital tools in the classroom has increased tremendously in that it is continuing to influence the mode of the learning process. Evidently, the use of the digital tools is providing an enhanced, efficient, and varied way of passing educational information. Moreover, digital schools will enhance tutors access to each other’s work. In addition, those who are professionals in any field of work will easily collaborate with colleagues for the purpose of growth and development. The increase of technology will help inspire students. This is because most of them complain that what they currently learn in classroom does not apply directly to real life situations.

Suspicious Samples- Statistics Project Coursework

Suspicious Samples- Statistics Project - Coursework Example To determine whether this particular outcome is possible, we need to establish the probability distribution that the outcomes we obtained follow, and rework a theoretical model that follows a similar trend. Essentially, determination of whether an ART cycle will result in a pregnancy or not presents us with two possible outcomes: yes or no. In addition, whenever an individual is picked from among other potential members of the sample, this individual is unlikely to be picked on a subsequent trial. This is much like the case of tossing a fair coin several times, but with the exception that individuals leave the non-sampled population once included in the trial. Such trials follow the Poisson distribution (Letkowski, 2). Since each trial is not influenced by the previous trial in any way, including by way of outcome obtained, this distribution is discrete. We now reflect upon the available information o establish how possible it is to come up with ten subsequent trials whose outcomes are absolutely similar despite there being competing possibilities of outcomes. The Poisson distribution follows the formula: In the above equation, the expected value of x is ÃŽ ». Using this formula, we can work out the probability of obtaining a specific outcome. In this case, this corresponds to the outcomes that all did not involve a pregnancy. We observe the following: 1) From the provided statistics, the average rate of occurrence of an ART cycle without a pregnancy corresponds to the percentage of such a happening. This is given as 66.5 = 0.665. This figure is supposedly uniform across members of productive females’ age generations. This corresponds to our ÃŽ ». This result indicates an extremely rare probability, but one that is clearly achievable. For comparison purposes, we may want to evaluate how this probability compares with that of getting pregnant from an ART. We notice that there is a decline in the total probability of selecting in

Effects of Estrogen Plus Progestin On Health-Related Quality of Life Research Paper

Effects of Estrogen Plus Progestin On Health-Related Quality of Life - Research Paper Example The researcher presents the article’s background, that entails Women’s health initiative with other clinic trials, which highlight the vital health risks that are associated with the combination of hormone use. The research indicated that, women taking estrogen and progestin were at health risk of getting stroke, Myocardial infarction, breast cancer, and venous thromboembolism as compared to women taking placebo. In this case, the recent findings indicated that, the protection of cardiovascular does not indicate the use of estrogen and progestin amongst the postmenopausal women. Despite the decreased risk of colorectal cancer and osteoporotic; there was a notable global risk of the hormone treatment among women. With this in mind, it was outlined that, there were Effects of Estrogen Plus Progestin On Health-Related Quality of life. At this point, this essay seeks to highlight in brief these effects and this essay also briefly outlines its’ background, statement o f the problem, measurement of variables, research design, and Data collection. In the case study, findings are invariable, depending on the population, test instrument, and design. It borne in mind; small differences can be statistically essential yet clinically insignificant, particularly in large samples. The research relates to modern science whereby it effectively outlines how women’s health is affected from progestin and estrogen. The study is relevant because it creates great insight on the effects of Estrogen Plus Progestin On Health-Related Quality of Life.

Helping Abused and Traumatized Children Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Helping Abused and Traumatized Children - Article Example Dr. Gil presents three models of hers; expressive, cognitive-behavioral, and family therapy The article is basically complementing the book written by Dr. Eliana Gil hence it provides specific material provided in the book to prove that the book written by Dr. Gil is a special piece of work that would help the people in the related field. The book is full of interesting and effective case studies that give a practical touch to the book. Though the book is a very detailed and informative resource on the subject but the reviewer does agree that books of this type that deal with complex issues such as traumatized and abused children have natural limitation and challenges. As this book contains qualitative theories and models but does not have the capacity to enable the reader to implement these models and theories in practical situation this proves to be a natural limitation because all books of this type have the same limitation. The book contains terms that are technical to the extent that a beginner would have difficulty in comprehending them. Although in depth case studies have been provided within the book but the book would have been better if more case studies would have been provided. The article tells us that Dr.

Example Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Example - Essay Example But how much truth lies behind claims that such cars are good for everyone? According to recent studies, there are very few reasons to purchase what have become known as environmentally friendly cars, which turn out to be anything but environmentally friendly. For years, electric vehicles have been lauded as the savior from so-called global warming, natural resource depletion and apocalyptic pollution, but nothing could be further from the truth. There are multiple reasons why government and car manufacturer claims about EVs’ superiority are fallacies. A widely publicized study reports that electric vehicles have limited range (often under 100 miles); long charge times (up to 20 hours); limited charge stations (gas stations outnumber them 10 to 1); an exorbitant price (even with a $7,500 tax credit, the Volt EV costs $14,000 more than the comparable Cruze gas vehicle); when factoring in manufacturing and disposal, EVs contribute to more pollutants than gas vehicles; government endorsement over-values EVs, promoting unaccountability and poor quality; and electric cars have been a repeated failure for 180 years, as gas has proven to be more efficient and easily accessible than electricity with regards to cars (Adams 2011). All of these strikes against electric vehicles go to show that these cars have only been a vehicle to extract money from gullible, undiscerning or politically motivated consumers. Hybrid cars, which run on a combination of gas and electricity, have also been proven to be a hoax when it comes to their environmental and financial benefits. But what about their touted excellent gas mileage that supposedly saves thousands with today’s high gas prices? It is reported that gas prices â€Å"would have to approach $8 a gallon before many of the cars could be expected to pay off in the six years an average person owns a car,† (Bunkley 2012). A person purchasing Nissan’s hybrid Leaf - over the comparable gas-powered Versa - wo uld have to drive it for nine years at today’s gas prices before seeing any savings - after paying a $10,000 higher price tag for the hybrid. Just as with EVs, the promises behind hybrids’ superior technology and better fuel economy do not pan out, as their â€Å"new† engineering proves to be more detrimental to the environment than their gas-engine counterparts, which are also much more economical. Yet, when it comes down to it, consumers purchase hybrid cars not because of their proven benefits, but because of the social and politically correct pressure to drive what is considered a smart and environmentally friendly car, as opposed to a â€Å"stupid† and environmentally hazardous gas guzzler. However, the misinformation and manipulative effectiveness of the green agenda has seen sales of hybrids increase by 60 percent this year, which now accounts for three percent of total auto sales in the United States. In Japan, on the other hand, hybrid sales have decreased with the economic hardships brought upon by the massive 9.0 earthquake and tsunami last year, and the continued economic woes in the United States could trigger a similar trend, especially as more studies are exposing the fraudulent claims and deceitful endorsement of green vehicles by car manufacturers and governments alike. Buying electric vehicles and hybrid cars are proving to be not all that they are cracked up to be as more and more research divulges

Fast-changing world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fast-changing world - Essay Example To begin with, let me point out that I previously experienced problems in developing the plot and planning about what I am going to write. In this regard, developing the plot was the greatest weakness I had before this class. However, it is evident that my writing has greatly improved since the many essays we have written have enabled me to plan my writing and develop an effective plan on what I am going to write. In this regard, I previously did not consider this as a monumental challenge although this class has helped me identify this as a weakness. Essentially, I have gained the ability to develop a system of writing that entails mapping out and having at least five episodes of the content I am writing about in order to develop a brilliant essay.Secondly, this class has helped me become aware of a weakness related to the general flow and eloquence while writing essays. In this regard, I experienced problems in developing a smooth transition from one episode to another. Hence, I re alized that I could jump from one point to the other because of an assumption that the reader was on the same page as I was, which eventually created confusion resulting from a false notion in my mind. Consistency in writing throughout the course has enabled me developed the essential skills required to develop an essay that is not only flowing with a smooth transition.On the other hand, this weakness went hand in hand with my inclination to talk down to the reader rather than talking with my readers.... However, consistency in writing throughout the course has enabled me developed the essential skills required to develop an essay that is not only flowing with  a smooth transition, but also develop an essay that is eloquent. On the other hand, this weakness went hand in hand with my inclination to talk down to the reader rather than talking with my readers. For example, a colleague reviewed an essay that I once wrote and observed a detachment between the reader and the author. In this regard, she judged my essay as an uneventful and very dry although she indicated that the topic of the essay was significant. In retrospect, this has helped me develop an essay that connects with the readers. On the other hand, this class has helped me identify my strengths in writing. First, I have been able to find out that one of my greatest strength lies in my ability to enjoy writing for various reasons. In this case, I have observed that the most obvious and  discernible  reason is that I fe el at ease when putting my thoughts and ideas down on paper. For this reason, this has enabled me improve on my weaknesses since deriving freedom and joy from writing has given me self-confidence. Besides, I realize the importance of effective writing in building my self-confidence since I usually read my essays before my friends, which has essentially helped me develop effective skills in public speaking although it is different from writing. Secondly, I have realized that I have a penchant for knowing more and I inherently like enquiring more about a subject. In effect, this makes me a very  talented  researcher. In this regard, I am able to search for more information other than rely on course reading text and lecture notes provided by the teacher. As

Obamas Plan to Achieving Peace and Prosperity Essay Example for Free

Obamas Plan to Achieving Peace and Prosperity Essay In Cairo, Egypt, President Barrack Obama conducted a speech, addressing the problems that both Americans and the Muslims are facing. During his speech, Obama mentions the current issues that the whole world is facing as well as the solutions to these problems. Such solutions, according to Obama, can only be implemented by working together. Islamic Stereotypes President Obama mentions two stereotypes of the world against the Islamic civilization that are rooted in a history of hatred, division, and terrorism: (1) They are inevitably hostile to both the world and the human rights it upholds, and (2) their civilization is crude. These stereotypes are false since only Islamic extremists possess such hostility towards the world, and the Islamic civilizations progress and its contributions have been quite evident throughout history — their role in the European Renaissance and enlightenment, for instance, was invaluable. Islam is a Part of America Islamic culture has been evident within Americas borders, wherein Muslim communities enjoy the freedom to practice their religion while relishing the lifestyle brought about by American culture, which provides opportunities for people who seek a better life. Migration brought their culture into the country, and this cannot be denied because the constitution, which America upholds, protects their freedom to practice their cultural beliefs within the country. Through their citizenship and their involvement within American society, the United States integrated them as a part of America. Being Shaped by Different Cultures Throughout history, various cultures have influenced each other. For example. it has been mentioned in the speech as well as in history books that the Renaissance was brought to life by the Muslim culture when traders traveled across continents through trade routes. Thus, being influenced by other cultures is inevitable. It is primarily rooted from the need for different peoples to understand each other, and in the process, they prosper and achieve progress. There is a shared interest that drives peoples into adopting the best aspects of other cultures in order to promote a better future for everyone. Issues that Need to be Addressed In his speech, Obama enumerates certain issues that needs to be resolved in order to promote peace and prosperity. He adds that it should be an imperative for people from all cultures to work as a unified entity in order to solve the following issues: Violent extremism in all of its forms; Situation between Israelis, Palestinians, and the Arab world; Shared interest in the rights and responsibilities of nations on nuclear weapons; Democracy; Religious freedom; Womens rights; and Economic development and opportunity. By working together in solving these issues, he believes that the world would become better than what it is today. Obama also believes that it is a necessity to address these issues for the sake of future generations — for our children. Reference Obamas Middle East Speech: VIDEO, Full Text. (2009, June 4).

Case study of alzheimers disease

Case study of alzheimers disease My first administrative position in mental health was working on a Geriatric Psychiatric unit of the local hospital. Many of the patients were elderly patients with Alzheimers. This was my first experience with Alzheimers disease and the effects it has on their families. Alzheimers is the most common type of dementia and is incurable, degenerative, and terminal (Wikipedia) . Symptoms of Alzheimers begin slowly and become worse until they interfere with daily life and patients are unable to even carry on conversations. Families become caregivers for their loved ones who dont know who they are any more. The prognosis is not good for patients afflicted with this type of dementia but researchers continue to look for new treatments and possible preventions. A few of the Alzheimers patients I worked with on the Geriatric unit are very memorable. There was a gentleman who was in the moderate to severe stage of the disease. His job for most of his life was that of a hospital administrator. M y office door was always open and some patients would wonder in time and again. My office must have triggered something in him because he would come in and need to sign papers. He would sit in my office for hours and sign papers. Another patient was a woman who had 12 children. She was always wondering the unit looking for her babies. The nurses bought her a baby doll and she carried it everywhere and it also calmed her down. Another aspect of Alzheimers is sundowners syndrome. Many of the Alzheimers patients would start to get agitated between 4:00 and 5:00 p.m. They would become more aggressive, oppositional and agitated. Sundowners syndrome is an increased time of memory loss, confusion, agitation, and even anger. For family members who care for Alzheimers patients, witnessing an increase in their loved ones symptoms of dementia at sunset can be nothing short of troubling, if not also painful, frightening, and exhausting (Sundowners Syndrome). Alzheimers is not a new disease. Alz heimers was first described by German psychiatrist and neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906. In 1901, Alzheimer observed a patient at the Frankfurt Asylum named Mrs. Auguste Deter. The 51-year-old patient had strange behavioral symptoms, including a loss of short-term memory. This patient would become his obsession over the coming years. In April 1906, Mrs. Deter died and Alzheimer had the patient records and the brain brought to Munich where he was working at Kraepelins lab. Together with two Italian physicians, he would use the staining techniques to identify amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (Wikipedia). Amyloid plagues are extracellular deposits that consist of a dense core of a protein known as B-amyloid, surrounded by degenerating axons and dendrites, along with activated microglia and reactive astrocytes, cells that are involved in destruction of damaged cells. Neurofibrillary tangles consist of dying neurons that contain intracellular accumulations of twisted f ilaments of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (Carlson, 2008). These abnormal structures are also found in brains of patients with Down syndrome. Unlike Down syndrome, Alzheimers is a progressive degenerative disease that gradually destroys a persons memory and daily functioning. Currently Alzheimers is diagnosed by symptoms, and only confirmed by brain examination after death. There are warning sides of Alzheimers disease that include memory loss that disrupts daily life. Challenges in planning or solving problems when there were no problems before. Difficulty completing familiar tasks or leisure activities they a person used to do. Confusion with time and place, which is what most people know about Alzheimers. This is when family members forget where they are going or days of activities. Trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships or new problems with words speaking or writing. Misplacing things and the inability to retrace steps. Decreased or poor judgment and wit hdrawal from work and social activities. Changes in mood and personality, which is another warning sign that most people are also familiar with from media, etc. Grandma turns from sweet to irritable (Stages and Warning Signs of Alzheimers). The Alzheimers Association is a strong national organization that supports and funds Alzheimers research. Their website has a vast amount of information on symptoms, treatment, prevention and research of this disease. Taken from their website there are seven stages of Alzheimers. They include: Stage 1 where there is no impairment. Stage 2 there is very mild decline. Stage three there is mild decline. Stage four there is moderate decline. Stage five there is moderately severe decline and stage six and stage seven there is severe decline and very severe decline (Stages and Warning Signs of Alzheimers). The current major treatment for Alzheimers is medication management and each stage of Alzheimers requires a different medication. Mild to moderate A lzheimers is treated with cholinesterase inhibitors. These types of medications are prescribed because they may help delay or prevent the symptoms from becoming worse for a time and also help manage behaviors. The medications include: Razadyne (galantamine), Exelon (rivastigmine), and Aricept (donepezil). Another drug, Cognex (tacrine), was the first approved cholinesterase inhibitor but is rarely prescribed today due to safety concerns (Alzheimers Disease Medications Fact Sheet, 2010). Most people have heard of Aricept because is used often and advertised on the media more so than others. Moderate to severe Alzheimers is treated with a drug that regulates glutamate, an important brain chemical. The medication known as Namenda (memantine), an N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist. Aricept has also been approved by the FDA to treat moderate to severe Alzheimers. These drugs main effect is to delay progression of some of the symptoms and they may allow patients to maintain certain da ily functions a little longer than they would without the medication. The medication may help a patient in the later stages of the disease maintain his or her ability to use the bathroom independently for several more months, a benefit for both patients and caregivers (Alzheimers Disease Medications Fact Sheet, 2010). There is research going on to provide diagnosis by a simple blood test, this was reported by American researchers just last month. Also, other researchers have shown spinal fluid tests, which require a spinal tap, can detect early changes that signal the onset of Alzheimers. Imaging companies such as privately held Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, General Electrics GE Healthcare and Germanys Bayer are racing to finish clinical trials on new agents that can make brain lesions called plaques visible on positron emission tomography or PET scanners (Anonymous, 2010). Researchers also are looking at any possible prevention or slow down of the disease. Currently at Rush University is leading a nationwide clinical trial of a nutritional drink to determine whether it can improve cognitive performance in people with mild to moderate Alzheimers. The study follows recently released results from an earlier trial conducted in Europe showing that the drink, called Souvenaid, improved verbal recall in people with mild disease who were followed for three months (Anonymous., 2010). Alzheimers affects approximately 10 percent of the population above the age of 65 and almost 50 percent of people over the age of 85 years (Carlson, 2008). The number of Americans age 65 and older who have this condition will increase from the 5.1 million today to 13.5 million by mid-century. A recent report from the Alzheimers Association states that the cost of Alzheimers to the United States will be $20 trillion over the next 40 years. Changing the Trajectory of Alzheimers Disease: A National Imperative shows that in the absence of disease-modifying treatments, the cumulative costs of car e for people with Alzheimers from 2010 to 2050 will exceed $20 trillion, in todays dollars (Report: Alzheimers disease to cost United States $20 trillion over next 40 years, 2010). Statistics taken from the Alzheimers Association break it down as follows; Alzheimers disease costs business $24.6 billion in health care. In the US 7 out of 10 people with Alzheimers live at home where 75% of costs are absorbed by the family. The remaining 25% of care costs cost an average $19,000 a year. It is estimated that Alzheimers caregivers cost business $36.5 billion. This includes the costs of absenteeism and lost productivity. The average cost of a nursing home in the US is $42,000 a year. However in some areas those costs can be at least $70,000. Medicare costs for beneficiaries with Alzheimers disease were $91 billion in 2005. Medicare costs are expected to increase by 75% to $160 billion in 2010. Medicaid expenditures on residential dementia care were $21 billion in 2005. These costs are est imated to rise by 14% to $24 billion in 2010( (Kennard, 2010). The stress of caregivers for loved ones with Alzheimers is high. The frustration and challenges of caring for an adult who no longer complies with reasonable requests is a daily consequence of a loved one with Alzheimers. There are many support groups and resources for caregivers. Some tips for managing an Alzheimers patient is to have patience, be flexible, reduce frustration, reduce choices, reduce distractions to create a safe environment (Research, 1998-2010). Patience and flexibility are easy to figure out. Patience because a patient with Alzheimers will be oppositional at times, will not know their caregiver at times as well as not remember family members. The Alzheimer patients mood and reactions to daily tasks will change sometimes daily as the disease progresses. Flexibility with caring for Alzheimers patients is tied into their changing needs and abilities from day to day. Reducing frustration, choices and dist ractions would be like raising a toddler. Not too many choices or distractions for them to be overwhelmed with. A safe environment is pretty clear and we hear about Alzheimers patients wandering off reported on the news more often. Alzheimers patients who have been left in an unsecured house or got into a unlocked car. Doors should always be locked so the Alzheimers patient is unable open or figure out how to open. The car is easy to figure out, keep it locked! Take the car keys are keep them on you or hidden. There was a poem on the Geriatric unit wall where I worked. The author is unknown and it is taken from Coach Frank Broyles Playbook for Alzheimers Caregivers. The poem is a good reminder of what Alzheimers is all about and a good conclusion to this report. Do not ask me to remember. Dont try to make me understand. Let me rest and know youre with me. Kiss my cheek and hold my hand. Im confused beyond your concept. I am sad and sick and lost. All I know is that I need you, to be with me at all cost. Do not lose your patience with me. Do not scold or curse or cry. I cant help the way Im acting, cant be different though I try. Just remember that I need you, that the best of me is gone. Please dont fail to stand beside me, love me till my life is done.

Demand and Supply of Gold in India

Demand and Supply of Gold in India Demand is the relationship between price and quantity demanded for a particular goods and services in a particular circumstances . For each price the demand relationship tells the quantity the buyers wants to buy at that corresponding price . The quantity the buyer wants to buy at a particular price is called the Quantity Demanded. supply is the directly proportion of price when the price of the commodity is increased then the supply of that product also increase or visa- versa. ON THE BASIS OF GOLD COMMODITY:- In the relation of gold the demand cannot affected or doesnt matter of price, demand and supply because it is luxurious product and they always usable for functions and many of areas. The price of gold is increases demand then the demand and supply also occur in positive range. The term can be movable as follows:- When the price is increases then the demand and supply can movable in upward direction. When the price is decrease then then the demand and supply can change because the demand is high and supply will be decreases in range. The main concept is started from here to analyze the demand and supply of gold in India. The price is the main factors which can be changing whole style of product sale in the market but gold is a luxurious product and the price does not matter there they r directly based on the willingness to buy the products. This is analyze on the basis of previous data when the price is 17000 rs. In india and what about the demand and supply of the gold in market this will shown as follows:- It schedule is rougly showing to how the relation between price , demand and supply that will be arises on same direction this is only for gold product not for other . It is the concept demand curve is always downward slope and the supply curve move on upward . it means when the price of commodity is increase then demand is decrease and the supply is also increases but in that condition the demand and supply moved in same proportion . THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF GOLD DEMAND AND SUPPLY ARE AS FOLLOWS:- When the price is automatically increased in year 2005 then the consumers are simultaneously struggling. In present time the market price of gold is 19,171 Rs. Per 10 gram , after hitting a record high of 19,257 rs. Earlier in next week. In the time of festiwal the price is increase then the consumer is struggling to buy but in small range capacity. Basically in the seassion of dhanteras , diwali the demand of gold is high and the consumer can buy without any price problem. BRIEF DISCRIPTION ABOUT HIGH PRICE CUT DEMAND:- This condition doesent seen in the gold market because when gold was a barbarious relic the gold price stood at just 12000 rs. In that condition the various changes are coming in the gold and silver market according to as follows:- A CHANGE IN THE NATURE OF THE GOLD INVESTORS JEWELRY At the turn of the century , the jwelery and industrial gold buyers , alongside rural , agicultural Indian demand, dominated the gold price. In a developed country the gold was not bought for itself and its importance. That condition the major role basically in jwelery, often the cheaper part of piece of jwelery. in that time the prices cannot rises in that much, in that condition the gold price is high .it means when the price of gold is high then the buyers are low. The buyers are still there, but they want in small volume or range due to high price of that commodity. In that condition the market are focuses in middle class person to increase the capability power and creat high growth INDIAN DEMAND When they targeted to middle class family to increase the demand in that level of customer mind to focuses in that level of customer. The market wants to increase the efficiency and they also aware that gold is traditionally valuable in india and they aeare that customer can easily brought due to the need and knows the condition of market. After that marketers can expect that the price of gold is higher then doesnt affect in that market strategy because it is the investment terms which is basically effort by Indian customers. They always analyse that when the price is high then it affect in supply terms. WESTERN JEWELRY , COIN AND BAR DEMAND According to the analyser to analyse that in tradition the gold market cheap jewelry basically invested in to coins and small bars is and they analyse to investing in that areas of Indian market.the Demand ofr gold is always protect the wealth andprotect the mony market loss to maintain and equal balance generated. The marketers also seen the quantity and quality of demand dropped initially, as jewellery demand always decline or down faced in the market but is now gathering pace and actually increasing on both fronts, especially if the marketer add the small coin and bar demand to it then the gold moves up the ladder of exclusively and expensive decorative items again higher quality gold jwelery demand (accepting high prices) is growing again. At the last the marketer seen that the demand of jwelery is always increases. And generated high efficiency in the market. 2. A WIDENING IN THE NUMBER AND SIZE OF GOLD INVESTORS GOLD EXCHANGE TRADED FUNDS The size of the market is high and large number of investors in the market and always want to increase the return in future trend. In the modern changes the market price of gold is always high but no effect in the consumption power they always choosen gold and buy for future trend because it always slope in downward. There are so many factors which changes the consumption and buying power of customers the main factors are as follows like income and price . the price of gold is simultaneously increases but demand is also movable in same directions. CENTRAL BANK The story of central banks and gold is a sad one. As both politicians strove to establish a doctrine that paper currencies, with no gold backing, better serve as money then gold does. By persuading people that central bankers were capable of being a satisfactory and the gold was a barbarous relic that had no place as money, they sanctioned dual policy of selling and sidelining gold as mony and accelerating the supply of gold to the point that the easy gold picking were exhausted . now central banks have had to revert to their underlying belief that gold is a vital reserve assts , particlurly when drems fade and realities take over . Higher price in their case have led to a cessation of sales and subsidential buying. SWITCHING FROM OTHER MARKETS TO THE GOLD MARKET As a gold and silver prices rise just like a thermometer measuring global financial uncertainity and instability , more and more investors are ntering these markets for the first time, not for profit . , but for protection against such fears and in an attempt to preserve the wealth they have. These investors come from the entire spectrum of investors across the length and breath of our world. This is the quintessential reason why demand for gold will rise as gold price rise. WHY ECONOMISTS USE ELASTICITY Elasticity means degree of level changes in the particular commodities is called elasticity But here, we are discussed about changes in the demand and supply of gold in demand and what are the various tools to find out the degree of demand of gold in india. THE BASIC USE OF ELASTICITY IN ECONOMISTS AS FOLLOWS:- Economist wants to compare gold demand all the times. Is gold demand more price sensitivity then silver demand . Is the supply of gold is equal. An elasticity is a unit- free measure. By comparing market using elasticity it does not matter how we measure the price or quantity in the Indian market. Elasticities allows to identify the differences among markets without standedizing the units of measurement. THE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND MEASURE BY AS FOLLOWS:- PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND INCOME ELASTICITY OF DEMAND CROSS ELASTICITY OF DEMAND PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND Degree of level changes by the price of commodity . the gold commodity is directly not affected in the demand because it is a luxurious goods. According to the gold the descriptions are as follows Gold price have been rising this year and this is the news that dominates in newspapers . The last time gold prices rise at such pace was in 1980. In fact gold price never touched the hights they had reached in 1980 and in fact were at their lowest in he year 1999. The first point is to be noted is that both gold and oil prices move in together . both were at their highest in 1980 and while oil has become far more expensive that it ever was , gold prices still not a very high compare to where they were in 1980. The prices are taking in high price adjusted for inflation and not the nominal prices that we see going up year after year. SECOND POINT to note is that gold prices elasticity is negative . Higher the price of gold, higher is the demand for gold. This is a unique feature of gold , as many other commodity whose prices go up sees lowering of demand . When prices rise the most that the demand is the highest, pushing up prices further. In the year 2007 , gold prices went up by nearly 20 % compared to price in 2006 . Demand for gold went up by nearly 5 % . when people say prices goes up , they normally tend to consume less of the good, including essential items like oil and petrol. The nominal price always stay above the previous price, therefore gold is never seen as a risky investment compare to real estate, the share market and the money market. Gold is a unique metal . it has been the most attractive metal for thousands of year. The roman empire and the Egyptian civilization were known to have used gold more then 2000 years ago. India is a growing primarly country because of income growth in the country leading to higher purchases of jwelery . When the recession subsides and the industry looks up and real estates prices rise again gold price should come down from the heights they occupy today. SO GOLD IS SAFE INVESTMENT ? THE ANSWER IS CLEARLY YES. AS gold prices do not come down in nominal terms . however as the economy improves and other forms of investment become attractive , the return on gold come down drastically and may sometimes in real terms become negative . however jewellery has a sentimental value attached to it too, therefore even when price come down , people remain proud of their gold purchases . Buying gold makes sense during the time the rest of the economy is receding, but when economic growth and industrial growth is handsome . like in india now, investing in gold might deliver the lowest returns that one could have obtained . however , this return is in all likelihood is risk free, therefore it makes sense for those who like to avoid risk . it is important to remember that usually higher the risk , higher is the rate of return for any investment. At last it is simply explain that the price of the commodity is increase then the gold is not affected because it is type of investments in the market and always given positive return . so it is future profit generated investments which is always given better and high return to the customers. THE MAIN ADVANTAGES OF THE GOLD AND NOT AFFECTED PRICE AS FOLLOWS:- THEY ALWAYS GIVEN POSITVE RETURN TO THE BUYERS IT IS THE INVESTMENT FOR FUTURE BENEFITS THEY ALWAYS GIVEN POSITIVE GROWTH PRICE IN THE MARKETS. THE PRICE CAN NOT AFFECT TO BUY THAT PRODUCT. INCOME ELASTICITY OF DEMAND As a persons income rises , he or she can buy more goods at a given price at any particular time . but the ability to buy more goods does not necessarily imply the willingness to do so . It means when then the consumers income is rises or dicreases then directly affected to consumption capacity. If the demand of the goods rises as income rises, then that good called a normal goods . Also the demand for the normal goods falls as income falls . the demand for a normal goods and incomes are directly related. The demand for a inferior goods income rises and good falls . the demand for an inferior goods and income are inversely affected. SOME IMPORTANT ASSPECTS WHICH AFFECT INCOME ELASTICITY OF DEMAND AS FOLLOWS:- PREFRENCES:- Peoples preferences affect the amount of good they are willing to buy at a particular price. A change in favour of goods shift the demand curve rightward. But in the gold commodity the income is doesent affected because the always show when the consumers income is rises thend the demand is also increases and visa versa because it is a investments which wa BENEFITTED FOR FUTURE. NUMBERS OF BUYERS:- The demand for a goods in a particular market is related to the number of buyers in the area . The more buyers, the higher demand , while the fewer buyers , the lower the demand . EXPECTATION OF FUTURE PRICE:- Buyers who expect the price of the goods to be higher next month may buy the good now thus increasing the current demand for that particular goods. Buyers who expect the price of the good to be lower next month may wait until next month. POPULATION :- Large no. Of buyers are in Indian market the customers and population are so high in Indian market . Examples:- india have created so much demanded for goods and services because of its massive population. ADVERTISING:- An increase in a firms effective advertising will be cause in demand for the product being advertise. For examples :- Indian have been buying gold for the last few years . however, there is no another addition cost are included in that luxurious good. CROSS ELASTICITY OF DEMAND It means when the price of the substitute commodity is increase then the other product is dicreases and visa versa . there is two commodities in iindia is silwer and gold . When the price of the silver is dicreases then the silver commodity is increases and gold price is dicreases then the demand of that commodity is increases. Now the bullion banker is net short gold when he conduct this operations . remember he borrowed gold and now he has a financial assets . he is making 5 % return on the spread , but he now has a gold price risk . as a banker he is not normally business of putting on speculative positions . so basically, in doing this operation but bullion bankers has a hedged the gold price and he takes a small margin- like a half of %- from this intermediation . in doing so , he allows private market participants to go short gold . thats why we elide the two phrases- going short in the gold market and gold borrowing . the ultimate borrowers in the gold leading operation are these shorts in the gold future and forward markets . Now we have a conservative set of gold leading number and we have a more aggressive set of such numbers . our range of estimates emplies that somewhere between 10000 and 16000 tonnes of the official sector gold position has left thse results way of leading the process . TABLE 1 : WHY OFFICIAL SUPPLY/DEMAND EXCEEDS MAJORITY OPINION ESTIMATES AN ARGUMENT FROM THE SUPPLY SIDE Total Gold Loans Outstanding  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚      BOE GFMS December 1993 4,750 1,600 June 1995 9,250 2,200 Note: All Quantities in Tonnes  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   This discrepancy was so large that tried to be conservative and for no good reason, chopped the 9000 tonnes down to 6000 tonnes because that 6000 tonnes figures was already so far removed from the official numbers . in any case , this bank survey implied big , big errors in the consensus supply/demand balances and half of a lot more gold lending than anyone thought . Now look , gold lending began in earnest in the early 1980. By 1995 it was a process that had been going on for more than ten years . now, what if there were 6000 tonnes of gold loans not 2000 tonnes of gold loans as implied by the consensus supply/demand statistics . that mean that there had been 4000 tonnes more lending , most of it over the last ten year period . gold lending was a small activity during the 1980 . it was a much bigger activity during the 1990, so obviously it was a business that was occurring on an increasing scale . if the discrepancy was 4000 tonnes over 10 to 15 years , 300 to 400 tonnes a year well , then it was probably 200 tonnes a year in the 1980 and it was probably nearer 600 tonnes a year by 1995. That mean supply and demand were underestimated by something like 600 tonnes a year . If we total these three demand items we arrive at the following:- Table 2 Metric Tonnes    1999 WGC gold demand for jewelry, bar and coin in 27 countries 3,282       GFMS gold jewelry demand in an additional 7 countries 1) 268       GFMS global demand in all other uses (excluding jewelry, bar and coin) 458       Incomplete Global Demand Subtotal 4,008 GFMS Global gold demand 3,9852) GFMS occasionally report and use demand . there survey for 1998 including the estimate used here . there was no comparable estimate in their 1999 report . the WGC reported a large increase in global gold demand in 1999. Base on wgc glbal demand for trend this number is probably conservation . GFMS total gold demand exceeds this total by 170 tonnes . they attributes demand to investigate in india . From the above it is clear that the WGC survey plus select additional item from the GFMS points to a total that exceeds GFMS estimation of global gold demand . this subtotal still excludes jwelery demand in more than 100 countries. It also excludes official coin and bar demand in these 100 or more countries as well as seven additional countries mentioned above. It is basically helps to understand the total demand and supply of gold in india and they are basically helpfull for searc what r the condition can not decrease the demand and supply of gold in the market. It always search and analyse the terms and conditions which help to easily find out survey of gold in india or many countries. ANALYSIS OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF GOLD IN INDIA The ever increase of demand and supply of gold in india , various hypothesis have been put forward from time to time:- Demand for gold has an autonomous character. Supply follows demand. Demand exhidits income elasticity , particlurly in the rural and semi- urban areas. Price differential cretes import demand , particlurly illegal import prior to the commencement of liberalisation in 1990. A part of the demand is caused by the need to stash away uncounted wealth and income. Gold trades figures since the onset of liberalisation in 1990 shows that while the price differential narrowed from a high of around 53.1 % in 1991 to about 5-10 % currently the import volumes rise unabated. Gold demand in india increased by an annual compound rate of around 15 % from 1990 to 1998 during the period of liberalisation with growth slowing thereafter. This was high , not only visa- versa the world demand growth rate of 3.05 % but also in relation to the trend Indian . GDP growth rate is 5.5 % and Growth rate demand for oil is 3.8 % Energy and sugar is 6 and 5 % Gold imported officially for domestic use is now channelled almost exclusive via the official agents or the authorisd commercial banks. Some aspects which helps to anlyze the gold demand and supply in india.:- FUTURE TRENDS :- What is likely demand trnd for the future? Given the fact that gold demand is income-elastic, it would be safe to assume that demand will increase over the next decades. Since gifting jwelery at the time of marriage constitute the major components of demand, ball-park estimated could be on the basis of the no. Of marriage that takes place actually. On the basis of assumption around 8 million marriage r held in india per year. Gold is required for marriage by families of different income groups. GOLD MARKET IN INDIA:- The gold market in india is predominantly a market for buying and selling physical gold. In the whole sale segment, nominated agencies are the bulk importers. This market is resonabily efficient from the point of view of distribution of bars and scraps over the length of the country which takes place in a very efficient manner. Price manner is also generally observe in areas with identifical of duties and taxes. Gold leasing volume are small in comparision of physical buying and selling. Most of leasing activities taken by nominated banks on a back to back basis via supply from overseas. The market needs to develop for at leat two reasons:- To provide working capital at low cost together with gold price leading,not only to the exporter but also to jwelery manufacture for the domestic market. The existence of gold leading market is pre-condition for arbitrage free pricing of gold forward in the local market. ISSUE FOR THE FUTURE :- It would only be logical to assume that the neeed for a review of the overall policy stance with regards to gold is now being increasingly felt in official circles. As with other areas of liberalisation , the direction of change will certainly be positive, although it would be difficult to imagine any specific time frame. However the following issue are like to be the focus of policy.:- Strengthening of the infrastructures and market in physical gold. More assaying, refining and recycling capacities of international standard and accreditation are expected. Better protection for consumers, by way of the spread of hallmarking of jawelery. The emphesis will continue to be on more self regulation by jewellery manufacturing and retailers. Further liberalisation the gold import is live issue. Removal of all the remaining restriction on gold imports has been advocated by many of following groups:- Trade liberalisation for gold is a pre requisite for financial liberalisation. There is no specific advantage in restricting gold imports to the select no. Of nominated agencies. If gold is imported farely under full fiscal benefits will accure to more deregulation of gold in india. Going by Turkish example, free imports under OGL and free export are pre condition for establishing a foothold in the world jawelery market . REGULATION IN PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL MARKETS IN GOLD IS ANOTHER MAJOR ISSUE:- Regulation in general means formulation of norms by the regulatory for : a. Risk assessment and control the regulated institution. B. Investors protections. 5. BRINGING THE GOLD HELD BY THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN TO THE ECONOMIC MAINSTREAM HAS RIGHTLY BEEN AN OBJECTIVE THROUGHOUT:- Mobilization of gold by the gout. In the past did not yield any major long term benefit. Any government led mobolization has inherent disadvantages. A better alternative would be allow holders of gold to raise capital from the banking system by way of pledge. It would be inconsistent with the spirit of liberalization to discriminate against those who saved in gold in past. A machenism can be evolved where by banks leading in deregulation of gold in india. 6. IT DEVELOPED OF E- MAONEY :- It is possible that a private sector units of account that is linked to gold may come in to existence in india, given the fact of huge private sector gold stocks. It would be advantages to look in to this possible. 7. GOLD HAVE ANY OFFICIAL MONETERY ROLE LEFT IN INDIA:- Golds role in currency issue was braught to a level of insignificance in india. There is good evidence to support the view that gold is held as an inflation hadged in india. BRIEF DISCRIPTION ABOUT ANALYSIS OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF GOLD IN INDIA Demand for gold is likely to contain information regarding inflation expectations. Since monitory policy is reflected in the growth of money stock and ultimately the rate of inflation, there is a case for including gold in the monetory calculus. It need to analyse the advantages in including gold held by the private sector in the broad measure for liquidity, even though gold is not anybodys liabilities. Also gold could be included in the index for the real effective exchange rate for rupees. They also indicate that :- Other thing be equal. Gold import demand has real effective exchange rate of the rupees. This is the analyse function where we analyse how to demand and supply of gold commodity can run in the market and whoch factors affect to ush the demand and supply of gold in equal range. This is the chart which are showing consumption n different year and we aware that the consumption of gold in india and where they affect. supply and demand table CONCLUSION In that demand and supply of gold in india we analyse and learn that official sellin will fill the boots ot trend following speculation in the gold market and the gold price will fall back towards its prior trading range. The global recession and strong dollar which curb gold , jewellery and bar demand have been facilitating the ability of the official sector to keep the gold price low. The forces for higher gold price will build. Though it may not happen over the short run in the long run the dollar will fall- and substantially in our view. A dollar decline will lower than the price of gold in countries outside, which will in turn stimulate price elastic demand. The fear of weakness may also shift official sector attitudes towards holding gold as a reserve asset relative to the currency. Many central bank feels uncomfortable with the now higher share of currency in their official reserves. The huge and ever increasing internal debt of india growing prospects of inflations. The central bank has started objective of reducing its high reserve holding of money, and it may be noteworthy that they have reported the first rise in central bank gold holding in many years. As long as currency has holding remained strong, central bank have felt no pressing need to address their high mony holding, but an eventual reserval in the money exchange rate may change the perception. The supply will also lift the gold price. Over the last 4 year , the supply despite low prices because there was a pipeline project from the 1994-96 period of higher gold price the pipline has now been almost depleted. In addition high grade to improve cash flow at low gold price. High grading increase output over the near term but ultimately reduces overall life of mine output and brings forward in time depletion dynamics. At last it shows that the price of the gold is increase or dicreases then it doesent affect on the demand and supply of commodity because it is the investment which provide always benefit to the customers, due to previous record which was explain in previous topic and cover that price cant affect on demand and supply of gold in india or any country.

American Society Portrayed in Tolkins The Player and Among the Dead :: Tolkin Player Among the Dead

A Fractured American Society Portrayed in Tolkin's The Player and Among the Dead The novels 'The Player' and 'Among the Dead' are not simply tales about any given character, as it would appear, but in fact they represent Tolkin's own personal vision of what he thinks American society is becoming. Namely, that it is a fractured society built on false values, where people have difficulty dealing with the truth of feelings or situations and where people will do anything to make money. The individual plots are realistic though, and they seem to work as both true-to-life dramas and broader social commentaries. This gritty realism becomes apparent after a brief look at the events of each novel. Part of a major Hollywood executive's job is to reject writers in the polite 'don't call us, we'll call you' fashion. But when 'The Players' Griffin Mill starts to receive death threats from an anonymous writer, he panics. In an attempt to clear his conscience of not replying, he contacts a writer at random from his old diary, who he can't even remember, and chases him down to apologise and offer him a job writing a new film. But when the writer laughs in Griffins face, Griffin goes mad with frustration and murders him. The rest of the story involves Griffin's slow breakdown involving: knowing he'll get caught; his romantic attachment with the writer's widowed girlfriend; his realisation of knowing he's getting older and a new young hot-shot producer threatening his job, and the real death-threatening writer still trying to kill him. This also acts as a broader social commentary on the way American society, particularly Hollywood, is made up of lies, false values and dishonesty to th e point of absurdity. 'Among The Dead' begins with another executive, Frank Gale, writing a letter. This letter is a carefully crafted 'forgive-me' note in which he confesses to an affair he's been having. The plan is to take his wife on holiday and give her the letter and then spend the rest of the time trying to sort out their marriage. But Frank takes too long saying goodbye to his mistress and he ends up missing the plane, which then crashes killing everybody on board, including his family. The book then follows Frank dealing with his wife and daughter's death and the way in which the Airline company find Frank's letter in the wreckage, and sell it to create a sensational news story and also in defence against a law suit from the victims of the crash's families, as blackmail against Frank.

Otto Van Bismarck And State So :: essays research papers

Bismarck used the media to his advantage. He used it only when it suited him, and never realized that the implications he were presenting were wrong. When world depression in 1875 hit, and assassination attempts were made on the Kaiser, Bismarck engineered an outpouring loyalty from the nation to the Kaiser ~ anyone who opposed him or the Kaiser was characterized as a traitor, and disloyal. In 1878, an election proved Bismarck’s ideologies to be used truly to his advantage. Because emotions ran high during the assassination attempts, Bismarck was able to put together a coalition of conservative deputies that gave him a large majority and put the Reichstag in his “ultimate plan';. Because of his control on the media, and the way he took advantage of his situations, he was able to put off his masterful plans in the government, without being caught. He was walking a very thin line, and it is this trait that led him to his downfall. Many times, Bismarck used foreign policy to insure German security. It is especially clear, when we read that history on the three emperors and the dual alliance. Because Germany was in the center of Europe, it had powerful neighbors along its borders. Germany did not want to fight against Russia and France at the same time, and fights two battlefronts could lead to the destruction of Germany. France alone had no immediate threat, but if, by chance, it formed an alliance, Germany would be in grave danger. To prevent this, Bismarck sought out two other countries ~ Germany, Russia and Austria-Hungary, to make the three emperor’s league. As well, the dual alliance made in 1879 proved to be another point where Bismarck used foreign policy to his benefit. To start his defense strategy, Germany called upon Austria-Hungary to come to each other’s defense in case of war and attack from another power. As a result of this strategy, it led to the renewal of the three emperors league in 1881. Again, Bismarck continued in his treaties, and signed in 1887 the Reinsurance treaty. This treaty involved Russia. Although these alliances may seem deceitful, it protected Germany and made Europe peaceful, which was Bismarck’s goal from the start. Bismarck clearly used state socialism in the building of the German nation. He recognized the needs of the working classes, and brought forward a series of welfare concepts initiated at the support of the workers away from unions. Otto Van Bismarck And State So :: essays research papers Bismarck used the media to his advantage. He used it only when it suited him, and never realized that the implications he were presenting were wrong. When world depression in 1875 hit, and assassination attempts were made on the Kaiser, Bismarck engineered an outpouring loyalty from the nation to the Kaiser ~ anyone who opposed him or the Kaiser was characterized as a traitor, and disloyal. In 1878, an election proved Bismarck’s ideologies to be used truly to his advantage. Because emotions ran high during the assassination attempts, Bismarck was able to put together a coalition of conservative deputies that gave him a large majority and put the Reichstag in his “ultimate plan';. Because of his control on the media, and the way he took advantage of his situations, he was able to put off his masterful plans in the government, without being caught. He was walking a very thin line, and it is this trait that led him to his downfall. Many times, Bismarck used foreign policy to insure German security. It is especially clear, when we read that history on the three emperors and the dual alliance. Because Germany was in the center of Europe, it had powerful neighbors along its borders. Germany did not want to fight against Russia and France at the same time, and fights two battlefronts could lead to the destruction of Germany. France alone had no immediate threat, but if, by chance, it formed an alliance, Germany would be in grave danger. To prevent this, Bismarck sought out two other countries ~ Germany, Russia and Austria-Hungary, to make the three emperor’s league. As well, the dual alliance made in 1879 proved to be another point where Bismarck used foreign policy to his benefit. To start his defense strategy, Germany called upon Austria-Hungary to come to each other’s defense in case of war and attack from another power. As a result of this strategy, it led to the renewal of the three emperors league in 1881. Again, Bismarck continued in his treaties, and signed in 1887 the Reinsurance treaty. This treaty involved Russia. Although these alliances may seem deceitful, it protected Germany and made Europe peaceful, which was Bismarck’s goal from the start. Bismarck clearly used state socialism in the building of the German nation. He recognized the needs of the working classes, and brought forward a series of welfare concepts initiated at the support of the workers away from unions.

Freak the Mighty Essay

Freak the Mighty is a story about the power of a true friendship. Freak and Max are two boys who were so different, and yet had much in common with one another. Freak as well as Max both had limitations and this helped them to become friends. They both run into problems, but together they are â€Å"Freak the Mighty, slaying dragons, rescuing fair maidens, and walking high above the world. † There are differences between Freak and Max. Max is big and tall, a slow thinker, and runs away from his problems. Freak is small, smart, and tries very hard to be brave. There are similarities between the two boys, both have a disability, both do not known their dads, and both are in fear of something. In the story it shows how Max is afraid of joining life here on Earth and Freak is afraid of leaving life here on Earth. Max handles this fear by staying quiet and giving in to people when they bother him and Freak deals with his fear by convincing himself that he will be saved by receiving bionic body parts. Main Events: Freak the Mighty finds Loretta’s purse and gives it to her. Max murdering dad kidnaps him and Freak saves him by spraying a liquid at him from his water gun. Freak gets very ill and goes into the hospital. Conclusion: In the story Max was so busy rescuing adventures, treasure hunting, and slaying dragons that he did not even realize that he already had begun living life. Freak realizes that he will die, but knows that he will stay alive through Max’s story of his and Max’s adventures. When Freak dies, Max feels as if he lost a part of himself because they were friends. Loretta gives Max hope after Freak dies by telling him â€Å"nothing is a drag. Think about it! † 1 Fact and 1 Opinion One fact is that this book is for anybody to read because it shares the story about people with disabilities and what they have to go through in their lives. My opinion is that everyone in school should be made to read this book because it might help them know what people that are different from them is going through.

Neocolonialism

Introduction Neocolonialism is the practice of using capitalism, globalization, and cultural forces to control a country (usually former European colonies in Africa or Asia) in lieu of direct military or political control. Such control can be economic, cultural, or linguistic; by promoting one's own culture, language or media in the colony, corporations embedded in that culture can then make greater headway in opening the markets in those countries. Thus, neocolonialism would be the end result of relatively benign business interests leading to deleterious cultural effects.Neocolonialism describes certain economic operations at the international level which have alleged similarities to the traditional colonialism of the 16th to the 20th centuries. The contention is that governments have aimed to control other nations through indirect means; that in lieu of direct military-political control, neocolonialist powers employ economic, financial, and trade policies to dominate less powerful countries. What is the social phenomena neocolonialism?It is a set of political, economic, social and colonial arrangements or systems which continue to exist in a society, managed and controlled by little local property-ruling class on behalf of their corresponding foreign property-ruling class. The arrangement is a phenomenon which is heavily imposed on the majority of the people who remain poor, unemployed, low income-earned, unskilled, and uneducated. These arrangements designate a continuation of colonialism wherein the majority of the people are denied control and management of the bulk of their wealth. Describe the origins of neocolonialism.The political-science term neocolonialism became popular usage in reference to the continued European control the economic, cultural, of African countries that had been decolonized in the aftermath of the Second World War (1939–45). As a political scientist, Nkrumah theoretically developed and extended, to the post–War 20th c entury, the socio-economic and political arguments presented by Lenin in the pamphlet Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (1917), about 19th-century imperialism as the logical extension of power to meet the financial investment needs of the political economy of capitalism.What are the effects of neocolonialism? In effect, third world rulers give concessions and monopolies to foreign corporations in return for consolidation of power and monetary bribes. In most cases, much of the money loaned to these LDCs is returned to the favored foreign corporations. Thus, these foreign loans are, in effect, subsidies to crony corporations of the loaning state's rulers. This collusion is sometimes referred to as â€Å"the corporatocracy. Organizations accused of participating in neo-imperialism include the World Bank, World Trade Organization and Group of Eight, and the World Economic Forum. Various â€Å"first world† states, notably the United States, are said to be involved. An insider's first-hand description of the corporatocracy is described in the book Confessions of an Economic Hitman by John Perkins. Name at least one way in which neocolonialism can be rectified?

Data Communications Essay

Differentiate between an analog and a digital electromagnetic signal. What are three important characteristics of a periodic signal. What is the relationship between the wavelength and frequency of a sine wave. Define fundamental frequency. What is the relationship between a signal’s spectrum and its bandwidth. What is attenuation? Define channel capacity. What key factors affect channel capacity? Problems: Figure 1 shows the frequency domain function for a single square pulse. The signal pulse could represent a digital 1 in a communications system. Note that an infinite number of higher frequencies of decreasing magnitudes is needed to represent the single pulse. What implication does that have for a real digital transmission system? Suppose that a digitised TV picture is to be transmitted from a source that uses a matrix of 480 x 500 picture elements (pixels), where each pixel can take on one of 32 intensity values. Assume that 30 pictures are sent per second. (This digital source is is roughly equivalent to broadcast TV standards that have been adopted.) Find the source rate R (bps) Assume that the TV picture is to be transmitted over a channel with 4.5Mhz bandwidth and a 35dB signal-to -noise ratio. Find the capacity of the channel (bps). Discuss how the parameters given in part (a.) could be modified to allow transmission of colour TV signals without increasing the required value for R. What is the channel capacity for a teleprinter channel with a 300Hz bandwidth and a signal-to-noise ratio of 3dB, where the noise is white thermal noise? A digital signalling system is required to operate at 9600bps. If a signal element encodes a 4-bit word, what is the minimum required bandwidth of the channel? Repeat part (a .) for the case of 8-bit words. Given the narrow (usable) audio bandwidth of a telephone transmission facility, a nominal SNR of 56dB (400,000), and a certain level of distortion, What is the theoretical maximum channel capacity (kbps) of traditional telephone lines? What can we say about the actual maximum channel capacity? Given a channel with an intended capacity of 20Mpbs, the bandwidth of the channel is 3MHz. Assuming white thermal noise, what signal-to-noise ratio is required to achieve this capacity? If an amplifier has a 30dB voltage gain, what voltage ratio does the gain represent? An amplifier has an output of 20W. What is the output in dBW? Answers: Short Questions With guided media, the electromagnetic waves are guided along an enclosed physical path whereas unguided media provide a means for transmitting electromagnetic waves but do not guide them. A continuous or analog signal is one in which the signal intensity varies in a smooth fashion over time while a discrete or digital signal is one in which the signal intensity maintains one of a finite number of constant levels for some period of time and then changes to another constant level. Amplitude, frequency, and phase are three important characteristics of a periodic signal. The relationship is ÃŽ »f = v, where ÃŽ » is the wavelength, f is the frequency, and v is the speed at which the signal is traveling. The fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency component in the Fourier representation of a periodic quantity. The spectrum of a signal is the frequencies it contains while the bandwidth of a signal is the width of the spectrum. Attenuation is the gradual weakening of a signal over dis tance. The rate at which data can be transmitted over a given communication path, or channel, under given conditions, is referred to as the channel capacity. Bandwidth, noise, and error rate.

Why Men Are from Mars and Women Are from Venus.

Why men are from Mars and women are from Venus. Are there any differences on how women and men talk? This is a question many people ponder on everyday. It is easy to assume that because English belongs to the person who uses it, men and women would likely to talk the same way but that may not be the case. Linguistics experts had proven that shown that men and women communicate in different ways. Speech style, word use, and body language are apparent between men and women. Women focus more on making connections, while men generally focus on public contexts where informative and persuasive talk is highly valued and appreciated.In the essay â€Å"I'll Explain it to you: Lecturing and Listening† by Deborah Tannen, she believes that even though men and women speak the same lingua franca, but their affirmation of support, conversational patterns and body language are very different. In the earlier years of development, Tannen observes that girls use speech to find confirmation and e stablish intimacy, whereas boys use speech to assert their independence and attain social status (283-5). In a study by psychologist H. M. Leet-Pellegrini who set to find out how men and women communicate with each other and who is more dominant in a conversation. Tannen 284). When women are listening, they will show support by saying things like â€Å"Yeah† and â€Å"That’s right†, even though they are more knowledgeable than the men on that particular topic (Tannen 283). However, this may not be the case for men. Tannen states that when it is the other way around, men tend to say something like â€Å"So you’re the expert. † (283). It showed that when women has superior amount of knowledge than the men, â€Å"It will sparked resentment, not respect†, and because of that â€Å"Women are inclined to play down their expertise rather than display it. † (Tannen 283).Women are scared to express their opinion because of what other people wi ll think of them. Tannen feels that men are always trying to grab the leadership role by interrupting, hogging conversations and offering practical information, â€Å"My experience is that if I mention the kind of work I do to women, they usually ask me about it. While men have the tendency of explaining and giving me a lecture on language. † (282-3). In this situation, women find themselves bored and constantly nodding unwillingly as they have been cast as the listener as men lecture them and finds themselves in an asymmetrical conversation (Tannen 288-9).Despite the asymmetrical conversation, in the article Party Line by Rachael Rafelman, she states that women want to be heard. She states that, â€Å"Listening is a part of girl talk since it is at the very center of reciprocal communication. Woman requires it of each other† (Rafelman 320). When a woman talks she gets personal and involved in the conversation, men do not (Rafelman 317). Men love to talk about business and sports so women find the company of men kind of boring (Rafelman 317). It is why some women may find themselves nodding unwilling throughout the conversation.Women on the other hand find comfort in offering and receiving comfort and avoiding confrontation. There's certainly some truth to this. We can see this everywhere. Which men haven’t had heard his wife or female collogue say to him, â€Å"These shoes are killing me? † When he replies, â€Å"Get some new ones then,† or â€Å"Why are you even wearing them,† she is offended and upset. What he should have said was, â€Å"Oh I know exactly how you feel. Mine are killing me too. † Thus, according to Deborah Tannen’s article, considering these facts, no wonder many women grumble about their partners not listening to them (289).They argument that they made, that the men are not listening to them, is actually because they are not getting the response that they wanted to hear (Tannen 289). W omen focus more on making connections; talk and conversation is essential to this process. Women share secrets, relating experiences, revealing problems and discussing options with their close friends. Men generally take another approach; their groups tend to be larger, focusing on activities rather than conversation. Even though men rather focus on activities rather than conversations, it does not mean that men talk less than women.In Janet Holmes’s essay â€Å"Women Talk Too Much,† Janet Holmes claims that even though many people believe that women talk more than men do, men talks just as much, if not even more, especially when talking enhances their status, power or dominant. Even when they hold influential positions, women sometimes find it hard to contribute as much as men to a discussion. † (300). Women are scared to express their opinion because of what other people will think of them and they know that when a woman is superior knowledge, it will sparked r esentment, not respect, as stated in Tannen’s article â€Å"I'll Explain it to you: Lecturing and Listening† (283).Aries found out that found that women who did a lot of talking in a group began to feel uncomfortable; they backed off and frequently drew out quieter members of the group (Tannen 291). It is proven that men talk more than women in public, formal context because they perceive that by participating in the conversation it enhances their status and power. I couldn't agree with this more because I think that men are always trying to impress somebody and therefore men always want center stage to prove that (Tannen 286).Thus, men generally focus on public contexts where informative and persuasive talk is highly valued and appreciated. In spite of the differences between men and women that Tannen has shown, in the essay â€Å"Sex Differences† by Ronald Macaulay argues that there is no such thing and beyond any other semantic topic, there have been countles s absurdity about sex differences. Macaulay states, â€Å"Such stereotypes are often reinforced by works of fiction† (309). Tannen disagrees to this. There are differences on how men and women communicate.Tannen said that, â€Å"Men’s style is more literally focused on the message level of the talk, while women’s is focused on the relationship or metamessage level (289). For women, she wants the listener to engage, give feedback and be interested in showing attentiveness while men wants the listener to be quietly enrapt on what he is saying. An interesting fact that I found out in Tannen’s article, which I agree, is the way the men and women sit. They say that men are all spread out with their legs wide open, while women gathered themselves in (Tannen 285). This could not be truer.When I was in the lecturer hall, I just look around in my class and I see all of the guys all spread out and all the girls are like all curled up. Researches have found out tha t speakers using open-bodied position are more likely to persuade their audience (Tannen 285). In a nutshell we can conclude that men impose and lecture their side of the story when speaking while women on the other hand have a more open exchange of ideas. Besides that, men do not show any body signals indicating that they are listening but women on the other hand give signs that show their affirmation or support.Lastly, men generally dominate the conversation most of the time while women just listen passively. Work Cited Page. Tannen, Deborah. â€Å"I’ll Explain It To You : Lecturing and Listening†. Exploring Language, 11/e. Ed. Gary Goshgarian. New York : Longman, 2005. 281-293. Print. Holmes, Janet. â€Å"Woman Talks Too Much†. Exploring Language, 11/e. Ed. Gary Goshgarian. New York : Longman, 2005. 299-305. Print. Rafelman, Rachel. â€Å"The Party Line†. Exploring Language, 11/e. Ed. Gary Goshgarian. New York : Longman, 2005. 316-321. Print.