Impact of Demographic Variables

Question: Describe the impact of demographic variables on African-American student athletes academic performance. Answer: Introduction The academic performance of the student is generally considered as the critical aspect of assessing the quality of education. The academic scores alone are not sufficient enough to fully understand the cause of academic success or failure. Various institutes have enrolled students based on their athletic character; most of them do not possess the reasonable possibility to pass the academic tests (Reynolds, Fisher, Cavil, 2012). Several academic researchers have shown the significant effect of demographic characteristics on their academic career. Especially of the African-American athletic student, various factors play the vital role in for both men and women athletics to succeed in academic life. In this particular study, the detailed analysis needs to be performed to understand fully the factor affecting the academic performance of the African-American Student Athletes. In this particular study, the researcher needs to choose descriptive procedure for conducting the research. Furthermore, the analyst will consider both qualitative and quantitative data collection process for having a detailed idea and understanding the research topic. 1. Research questions Research questions are believed to be the most useful area for understanding the research topic in detailed and easy manner. The research questions emphasize in the area of research that provides the analyst with better understanding collecting useful and relevant data for analysis. The research questions set for this particular topic are: Do the African-American athletic students have external influence over the academic performance? How much the demographic characteristics of athletic students affect the academic career? 2. Hypothesis The hypothesis set for conducting the research is: Hypothesis 1: H0: The gender, age, cultural background, occupation, family background effect has a significant impact on their academic performance. H1: The gender, age, cultural background, occupation, family background effect has no impact on their academic performance. Hypothesis 2: H0: The demographic characteristics do affect the academic performance of the African-American Student Athletes. H1: The demographic characteristics do not affect the academic performance of the African-American Student Athletes. 3. Research purpose Conducting the research on the topic Impact of Demographic Variables on African-American Student Athletes Academic Performance will help the researcher understand the relationship between academic performance and demographic variables. In terms of academic performance, there are usually two types of students who can improve their performance and who cannot (Carrell, Sacerdote, West, 2013). Thus, conducting the research will provide the analyst understand the influence of characters like gender, age, cultural background, occupation, family background upon the academic performance of the African-American students athletics. 4. Research Design Choosing a particular research design helps the researcher in explaining the detailed framework for that will provide a better selection of data collection and analysis pattern. During the data collection and data analysis process following a particular approach helps in better defining the selected research design (Traynowicz et al., 2016). In academic researchers, three particular research designs are followed, namely exploratory, explanatory and descriptive. The exploratory research design is utilized by the researcher to acknowledge several kinds of thoughts and ideas required to complete the analysis. In explanatory design, the events and incidents occurrence are described on the pattern of their occurrence. The Explanatory research design is limited only by the cause and effect characteristics of events (Busch et al., 2014). Apart from that, the descriptive design seeks the detailed description along with the occurrence of the incidents or events. Justification: For this particular research topic, the researcher should be avid the explanatory research design since the longitudinal study was not possible to research of this particular topic (Johnson, Wessel Pierce, 2013). For the analysis of this particular topic, the researcher will need to follow the descriptive research design for analysis the impact of demographic characteristics on the African American student athletes academic performance. 4.1. Elements of the design The essential elements of the research design help in describing the conceptual structure of the research design. The vital elements of research design are sample size, types of data collected and data collection procedure to conduct the research. Sample: Population in the research study is defined as the number of people who are indirectly or directly concerned with the research topic (Mertens, 2014). In this particular research study, the African-American basketball players of university and colleges are taken into consideration. Since the number of the population concerned with the research is not possible to represent, the researcher will consider football players of Arkansas, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas and Alabama universities. Sample size: The sample size is considered to be the number of people on whom the research is conducted. The researcher will consider total 100 football players twenty from each of the area to conduct research. The sample size will be selected on random from different universities. Types of Data: For conducting the research study, the analyst needs to collect various kinds of data. There are two types of data, namely Quantitative and Qualitative. The researcher will collect both qualitative and quantitative data from valid and reliable sources. The Qualitative data are usually defined as the narrative form of data collected from the secondary sources that provide theoretical and better description of the research topic (Mazanov et al., 2013). The quantitative data assists in defining the data collected from the primary sources. The quantitative data provides a statistic representation of the collected data. In this research topic, the data collected from interviews with the professors of the different universities are considered for qualitative data collection and the data collected from students will be considered as the quantitative data. Data Collection Procedure: For the data collection procedure, the researcher needs to consider the face-to-face interview with the professors about the impact of demographic character on students academic performance (Voyer, Voyer, 2014). The interaction session and interview will provide the researcher with qualitative data for analysis. On the other hand, the athletic students of the universities will be given an online survey for collection of primary raw data. 4.2. Data Analysis Measure: The data collected from the secondary source will be considered for providing a theoretical background to the research topic. For the analysis of the data, the primary data will be taken into consideration. The researcher will conduct qualitative and qualitative and quantitative analysis of data. The students will be asked on participating in an online survey that will comprise of various questions. The response of the students will be collected on rating according to Likerts Scale from 1 to 5 (Blumer, 2016). Here, 1 rating means strongly agree, and 5 rating means strongly disagree, and the 3 rating will represent neutral answer towards the question. Statistical Analysis: For analyzing the data collected from the primary sources, the researcher will consider an application of regression models for data analysis (Lewis, 2015). As motioned in the above sections, the researcher has considered various aspects such as academic performance, demographic characteristics, and others. In order to advance with the first hypothesis The gender, age, cultural background, occupation, family background effect has the significant impact on their academic performance" the researcher will consider applying the multiple regression analysis models. For this regression model, the academic performance is considered as the dependent variable whereas gender, age, cultural background, occupation, family background are the dependent variable. Therefore, the regression model will look like- Academic Performance = A + B*Gender + C*Age + D*Cultural Background + E*Occupation + F*Family background Where A = Intercept of the Model B = Coefficient of Gender C = Coefficient of Age D = Coefficient of Cultural background E = Coefficient of occupation F = Coefficient of Family Background On the other hand, for the analysis of the second hypothesis- "The demographic characteristics do affect the academic performance of the African-American Student Athletes, the researcher will also utilize multiple regression models. For this analysis of data, Academic performance is considered as the dependent variable whereas the African-American Student Athletes and demographic characteristics have been considered as the independent variable. Thus, after applying the second hypothesis, the regression model will look like: Academic performance = A + B* African-American Student Athletes + C* demographic characteristics Where A = Intercept of the Model B = Coefficient of African-American Student Athletes C = Coefficient of demographic characteristics 4.3. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Envision Design and Methods Strength: Conducting the descriptive research design for the data analysis and collection of data provides various significant aspects of having in-depth knowledge of the research topic. The significant aspect of the research design is that it will provide a multi-facet approach for the collection of data (Kowalczyk, 2014). This research approach will provide insight details of the academic performance of the athletic students. Apart from that, one of the major advantages of this study that it will maintain data confidentiality of the information collected through the research (Voyer, Voyer, 2014). Apart from that, the data collected for this research will be considered for voluntary involvement of the participants. No external pressure will be exerted on the students for the online survey processes. Weakness: The research procedure allows the researcher in gaining in-depth description and details of the research topic. But there is no denying the fact that, there do exist various limitation and weaknesses that are both non-avoidable and avoidable in nature (Li, 2013). The weaknesses in the research process restrict the scope of the research topic. In spite of the various advantages of conducting the research in the said procedure, there is no denying the fact that there do exists some weaknesses. Reliability: The athletic students involved in the process of online survey were not influenced by any kind of external pressure. However, the students can be biased towards the university and professor that may have affected the findings of the research procedure (Boone, Boone, 2012). Thus, the issues regarding the reliability of the data are existent in the research study. Furthermore, due to the cross-sectional characteristics of the research study, the analyst has the time limitation for conducting the data collection and analysis procedure. Thus, various in-depth information and details will not be able to consider during the study. Another weakness of the research is the budget constraint in this investigation. Lack of sufficient resources has limited the data collection to fewer students and universities that will not provide the accurate research conclusion. 4.4. Quantitative: How you will address threats to validity One of the most vital manifestations of Quantitative Data in the research paper is the validity. The ultimate question that lies while accounting the quantitative data collection and analysis is whether the research can draw a valid conclusion to the research questions (Rosenkrantz at al., 2013). The threat for ensuring the validity of the data lies throughout the research. For mitigating the threats to ensure valid data the researcher need to have sufficient knowledge about the contradiction of logic. The internal validity issues may occur while using the appropriate instrument for the research. To address the threats to validity, the researcher must not be biased against using particular instrument should be avoided. Furthermore, the threats to address the external data validity need to be also considered (Little, Rubin, 2014). The external validity refers to the reliability of the data collected from the sample size of the research. For ensuring the validity of data, the researcher needs to select the sample size on random. Furthermore, the researcher must not exert any external pressure on the respondents for providing responds to the online survey. 4.5. Quantitative: the constructs to measure to operationalize them For measuring the quantitative data collected in the data collection process, the researcher will use Likerts scale for collecting the data on a range of 1 to 5. The responses will be collected on the basis of five entities strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree with the analysis (Mandel, 2012). Furthermore, the researcher will consider the application of multiple regression models for the analysis of collected data on the basis of the hypothesis (Voyer, Voyer, 2014). The data will be stored in tabular form, and statistical representation will be provided for the better understanding and representation of the collected data. 4.6. Qualitative: ensuring the quality of findings The Qualitative data needs to concern about the generalized theoretical concept of the research topic. The qualitative data have empirical applicability, theoretical generalizability and practical usefulness that have threats to the quality of the data. The researcher needs to compare between the empirical findings of the data with the previously conducted research (Fulton, Meyer, 2014). The researcher can ensure the quality of the data findings by maintaining some code of standards and standard instruction for measurement of the collected data. The ambiguous data can be preserved by following the standard procedure in data collection process while interviewing the professors. 6. Data Collection/ Method of Data Analysis The data collection process mentioned in the study helps in better extracting the information and better analysis of the data. The accurate data collected through the data collection procedure helps in driving the research procedure in the appropriate direction. Various sources of data are utilized by the researcher to have a transparent idea about the research process (Hosmer Jr, Lemeshow, Sturdivant, 2013). The researcher will utilize both the primary and secondary sources for collecting the data for conducting the research. The primary source of data will provide raw information about the topic while the secondary data source will help in providing a theoretical background to the research. The data analysis procedure will help in concluding the research. The analyst will use the multiple regression models for the detailed analysis of the collected data. The data analysis of the quantitative data allows the researcher to cross check the previous researchers and qualitative data collected. The multiple regression models will assist the researcher in statistically estimating the relationship existing between the academic performance and demographic character of the African-American student athletics (Krmer, Sonnberger, 2012). 7. Data Collected Will Enables the Researcher to Answer the Research Questions and Contribute To Theory The researcher ill collect the data through personal interviews with the professors and online surveys of the football athletes of various universities. By analyzing the collected data, the researcher will be able to understand the relationship between the academic performance and demographic characteristics among the student athletes (Creswell, 2013). Understanding the relation will help the researcher to utilize the significant area in order to improve the academic performance of the African-American Students. Apart from that, the successfully conducted research will allow the analyst in answering the research questions. Conclusion The entire research focuses on realizing the impact of demographic character on the academic performance of the students. The descriptive research design will allow the researcher in conducting the research while completely monitoring and controlling every procedure of the research study. Based on the data analysis procedure, the analyst will link the relevant data that will improve the success rate of the research. The findings of the research will help the students in overcoming the academic inabilities through the clear understanding of the scope of improvement. References Blumer, H. (2016). Research Purpose, Aim and Questions. InInternal Communication in Bangladeshi Ready-Made Garment Factories(pp. 49-50). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Boone, H. N., Boone, D. A. (2012). Analyzing likert data.Journal of extension,50(2), 1-5. Busch, V., Loyen, A., Lodder, M., Schrijvers, A. J., van Yperen, T. A., de Leeuw, J. R. (2014). The Effects of Adolescent Health-Related Behavior on Academic Performance A Systematic Review of the Longitudinal Evidence.Review of Educational Research, 0034654313518441. Carrell, S. E., Sacerdote, B. I., West, J. E. (2013). From natural variation to optimal policy? The importance of endogenous peer group formation.Econometrica,81(3), 855-882. Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Fulton, B. A., Meyer, J. S. (2014). Development of a regression model to predict copper toxicity to Daphnia magna and site specific copper criteria across multiple surface water drainages in an arid landscape.Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,33(8), 1865-1873. Hosmer Jr, D. W., Lemeshow, S., Sturdivant, R. X. (2013). Logistic Regression Models for Multinomial and Ordinal Outcomes.Applied Logistic Regression, Third Edition, 269-311. Johnson, J. E., Wessel, R. D., Pierce, D. A. (2013). Exploring the influence of select demographic, academic, and athletic variables on the retention of student-athletes.Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory Practice,15(2), 135-155. Kowalczyk, D. (2014). Purposes of research: Exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory. Krmer, W., Sonnberger, H. (2012).The linear regression model under test. Springer Science Business Media. Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.Health promotion practice, 1524839915580941. Li, Q. (2013). A novel Likert scale based on fuzzy sets theory.Expert Systems with Applications,40(5), 1609-1618. Little, R. J., Rubin, D. B. (2014).Statistical analysis with missing data. John Wiley Sons. Mandel, J. (2012).The statistical analysis of experimental data. Courier Corporation. Mazanov, J., Dunn, M., Connor, J., Fielding, M. L. (2013). Substance use to enhance academic performance among Australian university students.Performance Enhancement Health,2(3), 110-118. Mertens, D. M. (2014).Research and Evaluation in Education and Psychology: Integrating Diversity With Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods: Integrating Diversity With Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods. Sage Publications. Reynolds, L., Fisher, D., Cavil, J. K. (2012). Impact of demographic variables on African-American student athletes' academic performance.The Journal of Educational Foundations,26(3/4), 93. Rosenkrantz, A. B., Kim, S., Lim, R. P., Hindman, N., Deng, F. M., Babb, J. S., Taneja, S. S. (2013). Prostate cancer localization using multiparametric MR imaging: comparison of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) and Likert scales.Radiology,269(2), 482-492. Traynowicz, L., Harrison, C. K., McPherson-Botts, G., Bukstein, S., Lawrence, S. M. (2016). A Quantitative Analysis Of The Academic, Athletic, And Social Domain Perceptions Of Division I Football Players.College Student Affairs Journal,34(1), 17-32. Voyer, D., Voyer, S. D. (2014). Gender differences in scholastic achievement: A meta-analysis.Psychological Bulletin,140(4), 1174.

Williamson Ether Synthesis of Phenacetin free essay sample

The procedure stated in Chem 2120 experiment 6 Williamson Ether Synthesis of Phenacetin laboratory manual was followed without any major changes. Data and results CompoundAmount used MW (g/mol) Moles Stoichiometry/Comments acetaminophen0. 354 g151. 162. 34 x 10-3limiting reagent ethyl iodide0. 3mL155. 973. 75 x 10-31. 6 equivs sodium ethoxide 2. 6mL 68. 05 3. 3 x 10-2 catalyst, reaction solvent crude product obtained: phenacetin0. 32g179. 221. 78 x 10-3yield = 76. 06% Recrystallized product: phenacetin0. 16g179. 228. 92 x 10-4yield = 38. 12% Table 1-Reagent and yield Data for the synthesis of Phenacetin Calculations Crude phenacetin: Mass of crude phenacetin product = Crude + watch glass mass Pre-weighed watch glass mass =27. 44g-27. 12g = 0. 32g Recrystallized phenacetin: Mass of recrystallized phenacetin product = Crystals + watch glass mass Pre-weighed watch glass mass = 31. 27g-31. 11=0. 16g Theoretical yield Acetaminophen: Moles = = 2. 34 x 10-3 yield = {mol product / (mol limiting reagent x 1 mol product / 1 mol reactant)} x 100%) Yield for crude phenacetin obtained = * 100% = 76. 06% Yield for recrystallized phenacetin = *100% = 38. 12% For this experiment, acetaminophen was the limiting reagent; hence the crude product gave a yield of 76. We will write a custom essay sample on Williamson Ether Synthesis of Phenacetin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 06% while the recrystallized product gave a yield of 38. 12%. Physical appearance for products: On addition of acetaminophen to sodium ethoxide there was a brown coloured solution formed. The crude product obtained was observed to have a beige appearance, and the crystals formed where powdery in texture. On the other hand, the pure recrystallized product gave a shiny white colour appearance, with its crystals being needle like in texture. TLC results: Legend: i= acetaminophen standard ii= phenacetin standard iii = Recrystallized product Figure 1: TLC plate with acetaminophen and phenacetin standard, experimental phenacetin spots. Table2- Qualitative analysis using Chromatography. The Rf values of the standards and re-crystallized sample. The TLC results seen in table 2 above were used to determine the true identity of the experimental product. The standard acetaminophen sample spot had a retention factor value of 0. 16, the standard phenacetin sample spot had a retention factor value of 0. And the spot done for the crude and re-crystallized product gave a retention factor value of 0. 31 and 0. 27 respectively. The Mel Temp temperature had a range of 134-1370C and the standard documented melting point for Phenacetin is 133-1360C. Discussion: Sodium ethoxide (NaOEt) was used to react with acetaminophen. An alternative procedure would include use of weak base potassium carbonate (K2CO3, pKa = 10. 3). K2CO3 is anhydrous, and the Williamson ether synthesis majorly involves the removal of a proton from an alcohol using an SN2 nucleophilic reaction. Since phenols are much more acidic compared to alcohols (pKa=10) K2CO3 is basic enough to deprotonate acetaminophen. When potassium carbonate is present in a solution with acetaminophen it generates the conjugate base of acetaminophen which is powerful enough to pull apart iodoethane. Iodide is left in solution while the CH3CH2 is bonded to acetaminophen and phenacetin is the product. However, Williamson ether synthesis process requires a strong base such as sodium hydride or sodium metal. Recrystallization requires careful techniques which if not followed properly could lead to loss of recrystallized product. Some loss, resulting from transferring solids from one container to another and leaving a little material behind, cannot be avoided. But it can be ignored by improving the techniques employed in transferring the product. Also, because of the solubility of the solid in the recrystallization solvent, even at low temperatures, any unnecessary prolonged contact with recrystallization solvent, especially if the solvent is not ice-cold will result in loss of product. For that reason, the following problems commonly occur: if too much solvent is added in the recrystallization, a poor or no yield of crystals will result. If the solid is dissolved below the boiling point of the solution, too much solvent will be needed, resulting in a poor yield. In order to obtain optimal results, a minimum of near-boiling solvent should be used for the recrystallization, and a minimum of ice cold solvent should be used for the rinse. The recrystallized product was considered to be pure due to the fact that, when ran through the TLC plate, an Rf value of 0. Was obtained which is similar to the Rf value of the standard phenacetin (0. 27) that was given in the lab. Acetaminophen produced Rf value of 0. 16, its low Rf value is due to its affinity to the stationary phase as its comparatively more polar than phenacetin. Acetaminophen consists of hydroxyl group which is more polar than phenacetin consisting of ethoxide group. This causes acetaminophen to travel much slowly up the column; phenacetin is more soluble and hence travels faster up the column (less affinity to stationary phase) in the mobile phase. When the Mel-Temp apparatus was used to observe the melting point of the recrystallized product, it was discovered that the melting point of the experimental phenacetin (134-137oC) was just a fraction off the literature melting point of phenacetin (133-136 oC), the mel range of the experimental product is narrow same as the literature melting point thus revealing the purity and the identification of the phenacetin product attained in this experiment. Phenacetin can also be made by the Schotten-Baumann reaction which is an organic reaction used to convert an acyl halide or anhydride to an amide if reacted with an amine and base. In this reaction there is use of added base to drive the equilibrium in the formation of amides from amines and acid chlorides. The acylation of amines with carboxylic acid chlorides leads to the production of one equivalent acid, which will form a salt with unreacted amine and diminish the yield. The addition of an additional equivalent of base to neutralise this acid is a way to optimise the conditions. Normally, aqueous base is slowly added to the reaction mixture. References: Baar, Marsha R., Danielle Falcone, and Christopher Gordon. Microwave-Enhanced Organic Syntheses for the Undergraduate Laboratory: Diels− Alder Cycloaddition, Wittig Reaction, and Williamson Ether Synthesis. Journal of chemical education 87.1 (2009): 84-86. Pilcher, Spence C., and Joshua Coats. Preparing 4-Ethoxyphenylurea Using Microwave Irradiation: Introducing Students to the Importance of Artificial Sweeteners and Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS). Journal of Chemical Education (2016). Oauf, A. A., M. A. Eldawy, and H. H. Farag. New compounds: Synthesis of certain p†alkoxyphenylacetamide derivatives as potential analgesic agents. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 60.1 (1971): 158-159. Volker, Eugene J., Ernest Pride, and Charles Hough. Drugs in the chemistry laboratory: The conversion of acetaminophen into phenacetin. J. Chem. Educ 56.12 (1979): 831. Jackson, Paul F., Keith M. Maclin, and Jie Zhang. Alkoxy-substituted compounds, methods, and compositions for inhibiting PARP activity. U.S. Patent No. 6,197,785. 6 Mar. 2001. Mulder, Gerard J., Jack A. Hinson, and James R. Gillette. Generation of reactive metabolites of N-hydroxy-phenacetin by glucuronidation and sulfation. Biochemical pharmacology 26.3 (1977): 189-196.

Good Causal Analysis Essay Topics

Good Causal Analysis Essay TopicsGood causal analysis essay topics are very crucial for students to get the desired result. Students must be able to judge whether or not a given causal analysis essay topic has any relevance in the specific topic of the particular assignment they have taken. You will be glad to know that in case a student is unable to do so, he or she is more likely to fail the assignment than succeed it.Good causal analysis essay topics do not necessarily need to be an exact science based or even directly related to the subject matter at hand. Instead, they should be researched to find out whether or not the overall concept behind the study is indeed relevant.This method is what I call 'seeding' in the field of good causal analysis essay topics. When doing this method, it is best if the essay is centered around a real world example or an actual situation that students may come across in their day to day life. There is no use in doing a one-sided study about a matter that does not pertain to the actual topic, unless it will lead to an insight that can be relevant to the essay.Seeding is especially effective when the topic is any form of business. Many business owners and executives to keep up with current trends and studies to make business decisions and do whatever is necessary to produce a profit. For this reason, business owners will often use these studies to make decisions on the best course of action to take in order to maximize their profits. However, the same cannot be said for business school students, who do not really understand the concept behind such studies.In order to make a good causal analysis essay topics, your research should be grounded in actual and relevant findings that may arise from studies done in the business world. In other words, you must use these findings to draw conclusions that are not simply based on hearsay and conjecture. Instead, you must cite your sources in your conclusion in order to support your arguments .Your final step is to ensure that the information presented in your causal analysis essay topics are backed by scientific research. Students may use data and figures out of context and just do it as a matter of fact. On the other hand, if they have carefully researched the issue, they will show their work with proper citations, at least where this is relevant.When students follow these steps, they will be better able to show their work with proper attribution. Good causal analysis essay topics will take place in academic arenas, where students must learn how to properly present their own and others' ideas. It is vital that this should be one of the fundamental skills of students.Again, good causal analysis essay topics do not necessarily have to be an exact science based or even directly related to the subject matter at hand. Instead, they should be researched to find out whether or not the overall concept behind the study is indeed relevant. You will be glad to know that in case a student is unable to do so, he or she is more likely to fail the assignment than succeed it.

Religious grievances rather than political and social discontent explain why rebellions broke out in England in both 1549 and 1554 Essays

Religious grievances rather than political and social discontent explain why rebellions broke out in England in both 1549 and 1554 Essays Religious grievances rather than political and social discontent explain why rebellions broke out in England in both 1549 and 1554 Essay Religious grievances rather than political and social discontent explain why rebellions broke out in England in both 1549 and 1554 Essay Essay Topic: Religion In 1549, two rebellions broke out in England, the Kets and the Western (Prayer Book) rebellion. There was no single cause of these rebellions. Religious, political and social factors all intertwined to create distress resulting in the rebellions. Religious policies initiated by Somerset continued to make their impact of the country. The prayer book rebellion was a catholic rebellion so religion was obviously important. The Kets rebellion was against rising rents, entry fines and over grazing of the common lands. This shows how social discontent may be the reason they broke out. In 1554, Wyatts rebellion broke out which publicly was against the Spanish marriage. However there were underlying religious factors as well. Source A only touches on religious reasons because the main causes of the rebellion were rising rents, entry fines and over grazing of the common lands. The debasing of the coinage led to the rising prices and social distress. It says We pray that all freeholders and copyholders may take the profits of all common lands and the Lords not to use the commons or take profits from the same. Lords using the commons led to overgrazing. This shows social discontent did help cause the rebellions. The Kets rebels were against the enclosure of common lands but in East Anglia there had not been that much enclosure so it was just an excuse to rebel. Source A says that if priests and vicars were unable to preach the words of God then their parishioners should be able to choose another priest. This indicates they wanted to raise standards of the clergy so religious grievances was a factor in causing the Kets rebellion. However religion was not a main cause of the Kets rebellion. Kets rebels accepted the prayer book but would have liked it to be more radical so religious grievance wasnt important unlike in the Western. The Western rebellion resented the Prayer Book and was against the Edwardian reformation. They didnt like the fact the Prayer Book was written in English rather than Latin. They couldnt understand the London dialect. Source B says We will have the mass in Latin as before. Religious grievances rather than political and social discontent may explain the reasons for the Western rebellion breaking out but not all three of the rebellions. Source B also says how they want images in every church, dont want the new service and that Cardinal Pole should not only be freely pardoned but recalled from Rome. The rebels were of a lower class than the gentry and hated the government officials who were desecrating their churches. They wanted monastery lands to be restored. Even in the Western rebellion there was other factors leading to it but religion was very important. The economic and social distress was the reason the commons rebelled so readily against the Prayer Book. Source B only comments on religious factors but it was the clergy who drew up the rebels demands for the western rebellion so therefore are going to concentrate on the religious factors. In the year before the rebellions their had been a hot summer and crops had failed. Possibly 40% of the population lived on or below the poverty line. Things were made worse by price increases. The introduction of the sheep tax in Devon caused rioting because the commons couldnt afford to pay it. Source C says You ask for a relief (tax) granted to us by Parliament on cloth and shearing sheep to be remitted, saying we have no need for it. The king even recognises the dislike of it. The economic and social distress helped fuel the anger for the rebellions. There also was influence from political factors. There was intense unpopularity of the governments agent, William Body who was eventually killed of the 6th April. He was disliked as identified with the new religious policy so religious factors are important as well. The sources are only about the Kets and Western rebellion not Wyatts. The public aim of the Wyatts rebellion was to stop the Spanish marriage. However historian such as Fletcher and MacCulloch believe that religion was the reason why rebels wanted to stop Marys marriage. The rebellion was led by the reforming faction of Edwards reign which suggests religion was important. Wyatts couldnt use religious factors as the aim of the rebellion because this would split the country as some of the population was still Catholic. This would therefore limit his support. If Wyatts rebellion had been successful, Elizabeth would become Queen and she was Protestant anyway. Wyatts knew there was already wide-spread resentment of the Spanish marriage so used this to gain support. This indicates religious grievances do help explain why the Wyatts rebellion broke out. Some people thought the marriage was a political mistake as through the marriage she could give England away to a foreign empire. However the marriage treaty meant Philip had no power to rule England, he couldnt take Mary or their children out of the country without the consent of the council or drag England into Spanish wars. Also the nobility could resist the marriage to protect their own power and self-interest. Unlike the uprising in 1549, this was a political conspiracy among the elites and there was little popular support. The rebellion was led by Croft, Carew and Wyatt who all held important offices at court. They feared the Spanish influence would endanger their own careers. This shows political discontent helped to provoke the Wyatts rebellion. Overall, although religious grievances do help explain why rebellions broke out in 1549 and 1554, there are other important factors. Religious grievances were very important especially in the Kets and Wyatts rebellions but no single factor caused all the rebellions. Each rebellion started for different reasons. Poverty was worsening because of the debased coinage leading to inflation and price increases. This caused distress which help fuel the rebellions. Kets rebels accepted the pray book so religious grievances wasnt a main cause. The western rebellion resented the Prayer Book and was against the Edwardian reformation but the economic and social distress was the reason the commons rebelled so readily against the Prayer Book. For this rebellion religious grievances was an important factor in why it broke out but political and social discontent was also important. In Wyatts rebellion political discontent of the leaders, religion grievances and social discontent were all important for causing the rebellions. Religious, political and social factors all intertwined to create distress resulting in the rebellions.

Application Of Leadership Knowledge To Health Visitors Practice Nursing Essay

Application Of Leadership Knowledge To Health Visitors Practice Nursing Essay 1.1This report will provide evidence of the application of leadership knowledge to the role of the Health visitor’s practice. The report will look at my leadership style and skills in relation to developing and implementing an evening well baby clinic. When implementing this clinic I will aim to address and discuss past leadership experience and how I will use this within my team to achieve the best outcomes for families within my practice area. Attention will be made on relating this to improving the quality of care as highlighted in the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Standards of proficiency for specialist community public health nurses, 2004. The standards also state that I, as a Specialist Community Public Health Nurses (SCPHN) must work in partnership with all team members and clients. I will apply my existing and newly developed leadership skills when managing my evening well baby clinic (NMC, 2004 and DOH, 2009). This report will include a discussion on my best pr actice and the use of evaluation and reflection in learning from experiences. The report will also include issues related to the quality of care and how my leadership can maintain or improve it. The aims and objectives of this report are to provide a clear expression of the quality issues in clinical care. To analyse my understanding of the process of change and my leadership styles can influence the quality of care. I will then look at change theories, management and leadership styles within my practice area and consider what the strengths and weaknesses are. Consideration will also be given to conflict management and my style of leadership within the team in order to promote effective working. 2 Critical analysis and review of own individual knowledge and competence of leadership practice within health visiting practice. 2.1Whilst undertaking the SCPHN course I have had many opportunities and experiences to developed my leadership, and reflect on the kind of leader I aspire to be. There are two types of leaders, transformational and transactional. I feel that I am currently a transformational leader as I try to motivate staff members, encourage vision and ideas and inspire team members and clients to achieve the best possible outcomes. As identified by Huber (2010) Vision is a key aspect of any leadership activity. I feel that my evening well baby clinic has shown my vision through the ideas and implementation of activities within the group. I shared my vision with fellow team members, this promoted motivation and inspiration. Transactional leadership is a more direct approach setting out clear goals and offering rewards to staff members in order to meet objectives (Hartley and Benington, 2010). I adapted aspects of this approach but felt that a transformational approach was more appropriate for my team and my practice. Whilst the transformational model of leadership may be seen as dynamic and therefore appeal to change agents, in this scenario the proposed change is largely transactional. The evening clinic will not provide staff with new skills or knowledge and it is unlikely to be seen as a particularly innovative as it is simply expanding an already existing service within the practice area. However, it is important to recognise the need for transactional change, in this instance practical concerns of an evening well baby clinic are being addressed. The evening clinic will not only benefit service users, it will improve service delivery and help achieve both local and national requirements.

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT- COURSEWORK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT- COURSEWORK - Essay Example The chief success story of Zara lies in strategies undertaken by the company. The corporate strategies had helped the company to grow faster with creative, flexible and innovative business model. The business model has differentiated the company from rest of the companies in the same industry. It has provided Zara with the best competitive advantage, both at international and local level (Berfield and Baigorri, 2013). Zara had regarded its target market as a â€Å"young educated one that likes fashion and is sensitive of fashion† (Wiggin, 2013). The company emphasizes on achieving competitive advantage over their rivals by integrating the manufacturing, production, logistics and customer handling staffs. The main activities, that escalate the speed of manufacturing and the supply chain, is the time taken to deliver Zara’s clothing from the manufacturing site (Hansen, 2012) 1) They regard customers as the centre of every clothing design strategy. Customers are questioned about their preferred clothing designs. The sales team of Zara makes use of the hand-held PDA devices for capturing the daily and even hourly feedback from customers, which enables them to ideate new clothing designs. The device daily transfers design to the Research and Development section, which is known as Cube (Valerio, 2013). The Cube team makes new clothing pieces in just two weeks and those match the exact needs of customers. The business strategy of Zara is clear; if a company has to succeed in the long run in a competitive market, then it has to be customer-centric. The needs and desires of customers are taken into account, so that the company can cater to their needs in the exact manner that they look for (Ferdows, Lewis and Machuca, 2003). 2) The company concentrates on technology for managing and tracking inventory and also, controlling cost. The sales associates send daily reports to the management, regarding

Writing assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Writing assessment - Essay Example My supervisor pointed out that the logic was in fact flawed. Moreover, the essay was underdeveloped in minor ways, and there were only one or two clunky introductions from outside sources. When it came to my second assignment, I was happy to notice that the supervisor had acknowledged the fact that most of my sources were appropriate. Instead of referring to online dictionaries and other unimpressive and unreliable sources as I did in the first paper, I cited appropriately the ideas from a research work by Laurie A Couture, and provided correct bibliographic details in the end. However, some of the flaws still persisted in the second paper as well. It was marked ‘poor’ or two counts – for one or more tasks mismanaged and for being distinctly underdeveloped. There were also occasional gaps in logic or clarity, and there were one or two clunky introductions of outside sources. When I read the paper a second time, I too felt that I could have done better with the dev elopment of the paper if I hadn’t confused the notion of injustice by referring to an incident where I was clearly misbehaving and punished as a child, though the immediate cause for punishment could not be strictly attributed to me. I could have chosen a better instance of injustice where one was at the receiving end of ruthlessness or oppression. When compared to the second paper, the first was slightly better in that it did develop the tasks reasonably well, and was underdeveloped only in minor ways. However, I will make sure that the improvement I made with regard to the sources and logical arguments. In the future, I hope to focus more on my areas of weakness in order to make faster improvement and achieve more clarity by better research and organization of thoughts. I haven’t made much progress with regard to the organization of thoughts. In the first paper, I was marked average for mostly coherent paragraphs, and