The Bulgarian And Soviet Virus Factories Essays - Computer Viruses

The Bulgarian and Soviet Virus Factories The Bulgarian and Soviet Virus Factories ======================================== Vesselin Bontchev, Director Lab of Computer Virology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria 0) Abstract =========== It is presently notable that Bulgaria is pioneer in PC infection creation and the USSR is following intently. This paper attempts to answer the fundamental inquiries: Who makes infections there, What infections are made, and Why this is finished. It additionally underlines the effect of this process on the West, just as on the national programming industry. 1) How the story started ====================== Only three years back there were no PC infections in Bulgaria. All things considered, these were things that can happen just in the industrialist nations. They were first referenced in the April issue of the Bulgarian PC magazine Komputar za vas (Computer for you) [KV88] in a paper, interpreted from the German magazine Chip [Chip]. Not long after that, a similar Bulgarian magazine distributed an article [KV89]], clarifying why PC infections can't be risky. The contentions introduced were, when all is said in done, right, however the creator had totally missed the way that most of PC clients are definitely not experienced developers. A couple of months after the fact, in the fall of that year, two men came in the proofreader's office of the magazine and asserted that they have discovered a PC infection. Cautious assessment indicated that it was the VIENNA infection. Around then the PC infection was a totally new thought for us. To make a PC program, whose presentation takes after a live being, is ready to repeat and to move from PC to PC even against the desire of the client, appeared to be incredibly energizing. The way that it very well may be done and that even it had been finished spread in our nation quickly. Before long programmers acquired a duplicate of the infection and started to hack it. It was seen that the program contains no dark enchantment and that it was even carelessly composed. Before long new, home- - made and improved variants showed up. Some of them were created just by amassing the dismantling of the infection utilizing a superior improving constructing agent. Some were enhanced by hand. As an outcome, presently there are a few forms of this infection, that were made in Bulgaria - adaptations with infective lengths of 627, 623, 622, 435, 367, 353 and even 348 bytes. The infection has been made nearly multiple times shorter (its unique infective length is 648 bytes) with no loss of usefulness. This infection was the main case. Not long after that, we were visited by the CASCADE and the PING PONG infections. The later was the first boot- - division infection and demonstrated that this unique zone, present on each diskette can be utilized as an infection transporter, as well. All these three infections were most likely imported with illicit duplicates of pilfered programs. 2) Who, What and Why. =================== 2.1) The main Bulgarian infection. - - Around then both known infections that tainted documents ( VIENNA and Course) tainted just COM documents. This caused me to accept that the contamination of EXE documents was significantly more troublesome. Lamentably, I made the mix-up by advising my conclusion to a companion of mine. We should call him V.B. for security reasons.(1) ................................................................... [(1) These are the initials of his actual name. It will be the equivalent with the different infection essayists that I will make reference to. Kindly note, that while I have similar initials (and even his full name takes after mine), we are two diverse persons.] ................................................................... The test was taken promptly and not long after that I got a straightforward infection that had the option to contaminate just EXE records. It is presently known to the world under the name of OLD YANKEE. The explanation behind this is that when the infection taints another record, it plays the Yankee Doodle song. The infection itself was very insignificant. Its lone component was its capacity to contaminate EXE records. The creator of this infection even disseminated its source code (or, all the more precisely, the source code of the program that discharges it). All things considered, the infection didn't spread broadly and indeed, even had not been altered a ton. Just a couple of locales answered to be contaminated by it. Likely the purpose behind this was the reality, that the infection was non- - occupant and that it tainted records just on the current drive. So the main chance to get contaminated by it was to duplicate a contaminated document starting with one PC then onto the next. At the point when the riddle of making an infection which can taint EXE records was tackled, V.B. lost his enthusiasm for this field and didn't compose any different infections. Supposedly, he as of now works in genuine - time signal handling. 2.2)

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example issues and patterns consistently develop oppressing the comprehension of CSR as well as characterizing best approaches and practices that would make CSR really socially responsive. CSR advocates firmly accept that the act of CSR is to be sure advantageous to all, however would it be able to be conceivable when partners consider business to be distinctive focal point as directed by their own advantage? If at any time this might be valid, how far does CSR fulfill the requests of the numerous partners †the buyers, the more extensive network (neighborhood, local, and global) and gracefully chain individuals? Responding to these inquiries would definitely lead us to different issues that would carry us to understand that CSR matters like never before as financial divergence enlarges, as transnational organizations are increasingly more dissented, and as corporate administration outrages †from Enron to WorldCom (Hopkins 2003, p. xi) and recently the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac embarrassment in US lodging (Cristie, 2007) †stun the economy, hurting people’s lives. In any case, before going any further, one essential issue that needs basic consideration, as this will help put things into legitimate point of view, is characterizing CSR, as Hopkins (2007, p. 15) appropriately contended, â€Å"The absence of broadly concurred definition added to misconception and skepticism towards the idea itself.† What is this CSR that stones the business world about? With numerous partners †the buyers, more extensive network (neighborhood, local, global), and gracefully chain individuals †seeking after their own advantage, it is obvious to realize that the meaning of CSR in written works shift. From among these definitions three are picked for their unmistakable accentuations. CSR covers the connection between partnerships (or other huge associations) and the social orders with which they collaborate. CSR additionally incorporates the duties that are natural on the two sides of these connections. CSR characterized society in its greatest sense, and on numerous levels, to incorporate all partner and constituent gatherings

Odysseus & Aeneas Essays - Odyssey, Trojans, Julio-Claudian Dynasty

Odysseus and Aeneas In the event that there is any likelihood that an examination could be made with the popular excursions of Odysseus and Aeneas, it must be realized that Aeneas is really a legend in search of his own spirit while Odysseus is a saint attempting to locate his previous lifestyle and as it were, his old soul. The Aeneid is a significant profound mission, which makes it novel in old writing and conversely with the Odyssey. Just Virgil admits to the chance that a character can change, develop, and create. In the story's prior stages, the character of Aeneas is clearly uncertain of himself, continually looking for directions from his dad or from the divine beings before conceding to any strategy. In the black market he sees a point of view of things to come history of Rome down to the hour of Augustus, and that vision gives him the self-assurance to follow up on his own drive. Relatively, Odysseus is driven however his excursion starting with clear fearlessness and proceeding with a vindictive life. While evaluating the legend's awesome excursion, I thought about whether Aeneas was incredible since his destiny made him extraordinary or was he incredible in light of the fact that he had the mental fortitude and assurance to satisfy the job destiny gave him? There is a side to Aeneas, I took note that isn't extremely noteworthy, in any event, when I could nearly comprehend why he feels the way he does. He is pitiful, tired, continually sitting tight for his dad or the divine beings to instruct him. Be that as it may, Aeneas consistently satisfies his obligation to his family, to his nation, and to the divine beings, even at the point when he is discouraged. He is rarely narrow minded. He generally puts his obligation to others first. In that manner, his activities all through his excursion to the black market were fairly extraordinary that Odysseus'. For Aeneas' situation, he also was as incredible of a survivor as Odysseus. Truth be told, he at any rate matches him in the manner that he is one of those individuals who can lose everything and still start from the very beginning once more. Aeneas goes from being a survivor of the Greeks at Troy to turning into a winner in Italy. Virgil's Aeneas is the principal character in Western writing who really changes and creates. His battles assist him with finding what his identity is and what he believes is significant. On the off chance that I needed to name one quality that characterizes Aeneas all through his excursion, it is his dedication to obligation, a quality that the Romans called pietas or devotion. This quality keeps him going in any event, when he would prefer to disregard his destiny. At last, this equivalent quality causes him to acknowledge, even welcome, that destiny. Since, when Aeneas at last understands that all his endeavors will make the radiant Roman Empire potential, his adoration for his family and his nation are satisfied. The outcome is that the Aeneas we see toward the finish of the Aeneid is decided, certain about himself, and sure that he recognizes what is correct. He has gotten a extraordinary pioneer who can force request on individuals who show progressively childish and rowdy feelings. Odysseus, as the great meaning of his name recommends, is genuinely and person who raises extraordinary ruckus. All through the Odyssey, there are many immediate and roundabout conditions in which Odysseus unleashes ruin upon others. He leaves Troy, battles at the island of Ismaros, and witnesses the sluggish existence of the Lotos Eaters. He blinds and afterward stunts the one-peered toward savage, Cyclopes, the child of Poseidon. In the long run, he even covers Elpenor, one of his group individuals who was slaughtered during this difficulty. Never does he start nor end with an absence of fearlessness anyplace near the one showed by Aeneas at the beginning of his excursion. After his first phase of ruin, Odysseus opposes the tune of the Seirenes, and sails between the whirlpool and the bluff, embodied by the names of Skylla and Kharybdis. Be that as it may, his men tragically eat the prohibited cows of the sun god, Helios. So Zeus wrecks Odysseus' boat, suffocating the entirety of his men. Odysseus figures out how to endure Skylla and Kharybdis once more, and washes up at Ogygia Island where he remains eight years with Kalypso. After all that, he is as yet ready to manufacture a boat and set out again for Ithaka, yet he becomes wrecked by Poseidon and swims to Skheria, where Nausikaa, King Alkinoos' girl, discovers him. Homer appears to intentionally interest us by having other characters depict Odysseus, ?He had no opponents, your

The Top 20 Business Schools Most Popular With International Students

The Top 20 Business Schools Most Popular With International Students by: John A. Byrne on July 13, 2014 | 0 Comments Comments 15,323 Views July 13, 2014A new record was established for U.S. universities last year: More international students packed their bags and headed into the U.S. for college than ever before. In the academic year 2012-2013, some 819,644 international students were enrolled in U.S. colleges, an increase of 7% from a year earlier.Many of them ended up as business majors, though at many undergraduate business programs internationals tend be vastly outnumbered by their domestic classmates. At Indiana University in Bloomington, for example, 8% of the freshmen who entered the university in the fall of 2013 were international. But the percentage enrolled at Indianas prestigious Kelley School of Business was half that rate at just 4%.Overall, international students only account for roughly 4% of total student enrollment in the U.S. But at many top business programs, there is significant international representation. At such top undergraduate programs as Wharton, Emory, and UC-Berkeley, for instance, one in every four students is from outside the U.S.And there are other prominent schools where the percentages are even higher. At Northeastern Universitys DAmore-McKim School of Business, 34% of the students are international. At Babson College, some 26% of the undergraduate student population is from outside the U.S., from some 70 different countries around the world.A new study finds that international undergrads have outnumbered international graduate students for the last two academic years, thanks mostly to scholarship programs in countries sending the most students abroad.Nearly half (49%) of all international students enrolled for 2012-13 came from China, India and South Korea — even though numbers for the latter two declined from the 2011-12 academic year, down 4% and 2%, respectively. At the same time, 16 countries had an increase in 2012-13 over the previous academic year.To compile our list of the top undergraduate business programs with the most international students, we focused only on the very best schoolsthose ranked in the top 100and we relied on the data those schools provided Bloomberg BusinessWeek for its recent ranking of the best undergraduate programs. Our top 20 ranges from the University of Tulsas Collins College of Business, with 42% of enrolled students being international, to Purdue Universitys Krannert School of Management, which reports 16% international enrollment.1. University of Tulsa, Collins College of Business800 South Tucker Drive Tulsa, OklahomaInternational Students: 42% Undergraduate Business Enrollment: 805 University Acceptance Rate: 41% PoetsQuants  2014 Rank: NRThe Collins College of Business focuses on a comprehensive business education at the undergraduate and graduate levels with the opportunity to study traditional majors as well as energy management and international business. Located in Tulsa, Oklahoma, programs take advantage of the schools petroleum-based history while looking forward to global business issues. Majors allow for portfolio management, creative thinking, and use of hands on technology. More than 1,000 undergrad and grad students work with faculty who encourage personal success while teaching business fundamentals and applications for the future.University of Tulsa Collins College of Business2. Northeastern University, DAmore-McKim School of Business360 Huntington Ave. Boston, MassachusettsInternational Students: 34% Undergraduate Business Enrollment: 3,712 University Acceptance Rate: 32% PoetsQuants  2014 Rank: 35Northeastern University’s D’Amore-McKim School of Business provides its students—undergraduate, graduate and executive—with the education, tools and experience necessary to launch and accelerate successful business careers. The School of Business offers both the standard five-year cooperati ve education model as well as a four-year cooperative education model leading to a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration (BSBA). DAmore-McKim is globally recognized as one of the leading experience-based business schools preparing students for organizations seeking highly motivated business leaders. Northeastern Universitys DAmore-McKim School of Business3. Boston University, School of Management595 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MassachusettsInternational Students: 27% Undergraduate Business Enrollment: 2,400 University Acceptance Rate: 37% Average SAT: 1303 PoetsQuants  2014 Rank: 25Unlike most business schools, at Boston University students begin their management training the first semester of freshman year. On your first day of class, they begin ‘decoding’ a companys annual report. Right away, students start talking business. By the end of freshman year, students often know more than juniors in many other programs.By junior year, every student is requir ed to write a full business plan for a product she and a group of classmates will research and propose. They are promised to have the skills that will give them a leg up, first in interviews, then on the job. And through the Management Honors Program, a select group of outstanding students will have the opportunity to develop into a generation of management leaders.Boston Universitys School of Management4. Babson College231 Forest St. Babson Park, MassachusettsInternational Students: 26% Undergraduate Business Enrollment: 2,106 University Acceptance Rate: 28% Average SAT Score: 1268 PoetsQuants  2014 Rank: 64Babson invented the methodology for entrepreneurship education nearly half a century ago; today, Entrepreneurial Thought and Action ® is still at the center of the Babson experience. In this highly collaborative community, through a blend of innovative, integrated curricular and co-curricular programs, students experience the world as it is. Gaining both functional business and foundational liberal arts knowledge, they are shaped into leaders who will reshape the world.With an emphasis on Social, Environmental, Economic Responsibility, and Sustainability (SEERS) embedded into the experience, students here are taught that economic and social value creation are not mutually exclusive, but instead integral to each other. The fundamental business skills and entrepreneurial mindset they cultivate at Babson equips them to make a difference here on campus and around the world.Babson College4. Michigan State University, Broad College of Business103 Eppley Center East Lansing, MichiganInternational Students: 26% Undergraduate Business Enrollment: 1,890 University Acceptance Rate: 69% PoetsQuants  2014 Rank: 36Students studying business at the Broad College gain a deep understanding of their chosen major as well as a broad understanding of how global business works. Undergraduate students are required to complete a core curriculum that exposes them to diverse subjects and develops a well-rounded business background. Within the undergraduate program, area requirements include writing, mathematics, integrative studies, basic disciplines and functional fields in business, and elective courses enhancing a student’s course of study. An important component of the business curriculum is the major field of concentration, which is selected by each student upon admission to the Broad College. he college offers majors in accounting, finance, general management, hospitality business, human resource management, marketing, and supply chain management. Students are strongly encouraged to meet with their academic adviser to discuss major fields of concentration, electives, study abroad, community service, work experience, and leadership development opportunities. Students completing undergraduate programs in the Broad College receive a bachelor of arts degree.Michigan State Universitys Broad College of Business Page 1 of 41234 »

How Society Compensates for Spirituality - Literature Essay Samples

Within T.S. Eliot’s â€Å"The Hollow Men† the influences of society and how it can affect the general personality of the public is reflected in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and Countee Cullen’s â€Å"Yet Do I Marvel†. Eliot uses the contradiction of hollow and stuffed men to set up how men have been affected by their societies, the contrast making them devoid of emotion and numb. Their insubstantial filling being the logic and principles that society has provided. Societal influences have taken the place of spiritual transcendence resulting in a lack of understanding of the nature of God and a movement towards the material world. Fitzgerald expands on this by having his characters reflect traits from Eliot’s poem while Cullen’s poem makes a statement about his society by talking about the spiritual presence of God and using it to explain what seems to be his overall view of his fellow man. The overall statement that is made of society in â€Å"The Hollow Men† seems to be that it cannot take the place of God and this can be found in both Fitzgerald’s and Cullen’s pieces. Eliot uses a children’s song to reflect the cyclical nature of society and the world. By saying â€Å"Here we go round the prickly pear† it is implied that events will inevitably repeat themselves (Eliot 252). This is supported by Fitzgerald by the nature of Nick Carraway. Nick went to war so that he could escape his past but now that he has returned he has returned to what he was trying to initially escape. He decides to get a job that reflects his past and states, â€Å"Everybody I knew was in the bond business, so I supposed it could support one more single man† (Fitzgerald 3). Nick returns from the war restless; and even though he is trying to settle down and gain a sense of the past that he tried to escape by going to war he is still trying to see the world in a military view. He even states that when he returned to the East that he wanted the world to be uniform and at a sort of moral attention forever which reflects a militaristic view (Fitzgerald 2). Nick wants to establish a sense of stability in his society and bring his past back to the forefront of his future in this way. Another way in which Fitzgerald displays the cyclical nature of Eliot’s poem is with his character of Gatsby. Gatsby went to war to essentially create a new identity and this can be represented by the symbol of the light at the end of Daisy’s dock. The light is green as almost a representation of new life, growth, and the money that it took to turn Gatsby into a new man (Fitzgerald 21). When Gatsby returns from the war he spends all of his efforts with this new persona to win Daisy who is a love from his past (Fitzgerald). He can’t escape the dream of his past that perpetuated into his future and ultimately is killed because of it. The fact that Fitzgerald’s characters are continuously trying to regain a sense of their past suggests how they can’t seek to delve further into their society without the understanding of who they are in the past. Also since the past may repeat itself if the characters lack an understanding of their past it shows that the same mistakes can be made. Nick himself can’t seem to handle his own families transgressions in the past and seeks to not repeat them. Trying to solve them is part of why he goes to war since his Uncle has gotten out of the war by sending someone in his stead (Fitzgerald 3). Even Gatsby though he is essentially pursuing a part of his past, is also trying to escape a part of his past, and in the end it is proven that he cannot escape his past as one of the few people that attend his funeral is his father (Fitzgerald). â€Å"The Hollow Men† uses the images of eyes that are not there, the multifoliate rose, prayers to broken stone, a broken column, stone images, and a fading star to paint a view of the broken spirituality in his society (Eliot). The column represents a structure that has fallen and the fading star can symbolize the north star but by saying that it is fading it implies that the spirituality is fading from the world. Fitzgerald expands on this with Nicks view of the parties that he attends. The parties can represent the spirituality that the characters are unable to achieve. They let loose during these gaudy displays however Nick is unable to fully appreciate the parties. He essentially has to get drunk to have any enjoyment at all and then claims that it was his second time ever getting drunk. The fact that Nick doesn’t really enjoy the parties, describing them by saying â€Å"I was within and without, simultaneously enchanted and repelled by the inexhaustible variety of life† suggests that he cannot achieve a level of transcendentalism because he is held back by his society (Fitzgerald 35). His focus is completely on the material of the party when he is with the lower class. His first party with Gatsby he seems to get a feel for the atmosphere by stating, â€Å"I had taken two finger-bowels of champagne, and the scene had changed before my eyes into something significant, elemental, and profound† (Fitzgerald 47). Again it is implied that to truly let loose and appreciate the feel of the party rather than the look of it Nick has to drink. Another way in which Fitzgerald displays the spirituality from Eliot’s â€Å"The Hollow Men† is by directly pulling T.S. Eliot into his novel as the character of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg by having his eyes represent those of Gods. At one point the character of Wilson states â€Å"God sees everything,† while looking at the eyes of T.J. Eckleburg which directly applies the name of God to the eyes of the billboard (Firzgerald 160). In â€Å"The Hollow Men† the eyes are no longer there which implies that though they see they are no longer comprehending, they are detached from God perhaps because they have fully embraced society. Fitzgerald brings in these eyes and has them overlook The Valley of Ashes which references just how detached his society is. Though the eyes are present in Fitzgerald’s novel they aren’t really overlooking anything, just ashes and they’ve dimmed. So as the character of Wilson says, God sees everything but at this point the people are so detached from God that there is nothing to see. The Valley of Ashes itself can also represent the dead cactus land that Eliot discusses in his poem (251). This would imply that the characters that live there, such as Wilson, are the scarecrows that Eliot describes. Wilson’s personality is described like that of the hollow men as well, he is shown by Fitzgerald as a spiritless man and when he first meets Nick, Nick states that a damp gleam of hope sprang into his eyes (25). This can reflect the poem where it states,â€Å"The hope only/ Of empty men† (Eliot 251). Wilson is the empty man that is still daring to hope but even his hope is devoid and lacking in emotion. Wilsons character is trapped by his society as well. He doesn’t make enough money at his job to fully pursue his dreams but he still has a hope that he will be able to make something of himself. Society in Fitzgerald’s novel directly influences the actions of the characters as well. Just as society seems to have left the hollow men devoid; and they seem to be merely going through the motions as hinted by the line â€Å"Gathered on this beach of the tumid river† (251). In Fitzgerald’s novel society has basically stripped the characters of their free will. In Eliot’s poem they seem to be dictated by their own flaws where society is dictating Fitzgerald’s characters. Though Tom is secretly having an affair with Myrtle it is obvious that he will not leave Daisy for her partly because of her lower class. Even though Nick doesn’t think well of Tom because of his affair it is shown that Nick has had a similar situation that he is running away from (Fitzgerald). The descriptions that Nick gives the houses in East Egg verses West Egg directly shows the differences in class. He describes his own home as a small eyesore (Fitzgerald 5). The desc riptions of Daisy and Myrtle reflect a difference in their classes as well. Where Daisy is waif like and elegant, Myrtle is energetic and fleshy (Fitzgerald). Nick despite wishing to be a different person seems to not want to disappoint his society, even though he doesn’t agree with Tom’s affair he doesn’t say anything to Daisy about it. Then later he even helps Daisy to have her own affair. He wants to be socially accepted and it appears that he portrays himself to his reader in a certain way to achieve this. The character of Gatsby represents how society can change a person. Nick as he writes the story already knows all the details but still keeps the mystery of Gatsby until closer to the end of the novel. In part the mystery that Gatsby is shrouded in shows just how society can define someone. Everywhere Nick goes he hears speculation of who Gatsby is, even before he’s met Gatsby. He hears that Gatsby is the nephew of the Kaiser, that he is a bootlegger and multiple other scenarios. The only real view that is given of Gatsby is the view that Nick has of him and besides his interpretations the only other views we get are from others comments of Gatsby. This paints Gatsby’s character as almost an entirely societal figure. The fact that no one knows Gatsby’s history or where he came from suggests that while reinventing himself he became exactly what he expected society to want him to be. Though it is later found that the parties are being thrown as a lure for Daisy it can be interpreted at first that his outlandish parties are thrown with the sole purpose of pleasing his society. Also the fact that a lot of Gatsby seems to be almost fake at first, his mansion is this faux castle and even his accent doesn’t seem authentic to Nick. Nick also describes that the history Gatsby originally gives him seems unbelievable. It can be discerned that in order to fit in with society one must take away their individuality and with that conformity will come acceptance. In the beginning of the novel the Gatsby that is given doesn’t appear to have any substance which could represent that by becoming such an integral part of society he has ceased to have individual traits. This can directly relate to the hollow men that are leaning together, these men no longer seem to have separate facets of a personality, that are essentially all one entity (Eliot 249). Later the view given of Gatsby is filled with depth but even then the mystery of how his society views him overshadows the man that he really was. In Countee Cullen’s poem society is not directly implied in the poem but by his descriptions of God he seem’s to be poking at his society’s perceptions. The poem contrasts â€Å"The Hollow Men† as the sole purpose is the wonder of a black man singing and in â€Å"The Hollow Men† a conflict with these men is that their jaws are broken (Eliot 251). Eliot’s men can no longer utter prayers or even really speak since all they are able to do is utter which could mean what they are able to say is insubstantial. Cullen’s men on the other hand are able to sing but it is implied that they are scorned for this ability. The fact that Cullen states that this ability for a black man to sing is the only thing that he seems to question about God’s will. He seems to imply that if it isn’t a sort of mistake it is some sort of punishment for the black man. He demonstrates this by discussing what almost seems to be the Greek Gods by talking about Tantalus and Sisyphus’s punishments. The fact that the myths have an explanation for why these two characters are punished seems to suggest that Cullen’s God has no reason for why a black man is bid to sing.If there is a reason for it then perhaps he will never know it. He directly says this by stating â€Å"Inscrutable His ways are, and immune/ To catechism by a mind too strewn† which means that God’s reasons are impossible to interpret by the societal standards and principles of religion. So even though Cullen’s black man still has his voice he is just as devoid as the hollow men with the broken jaws. Just because he is able to sing doesn’t make the songs any different then illegible utterings. This seems to hint that he is persecuted either way. The hollow men may not know why they are unable to utter prayers just as the black man does not understand why God would bid him sing. Both could be in a state of distance due to the affects there society may have on them. Despite the fact that a black man can sing it is inferred that people are not receptive of his singing which why the singing itself could be a form of punishment. His society does not wish to accept him and his question in the poem seems ask why his society would punish him when he has the same abilities as them. Countee Cullen also seems to be referencing more of a Puritanical God, the fact that the God he discusses lacks transcendental values which reflects Eliot’s Hollow men. Eliot makes references to the underworld and perhaps to corrupt clergy with his lines â€Å" Headpiece filled with straw† and all of the references to God in his poem seem to be broken images or unuttered prayers. Cullen sets up his God to reflect these images by starting with almost a compliment to his poem. He states that he has no doubt about God’s good attributes but then essentially states that if God deigned to explain these things then he is sure he’d have perfectly good excuses and reasons even if the logic may make no sense to Cullen’s society (Cullen). Society ends up becoming a sort of substitution for spirituality in these texts just as the characters in The Great Gatsby have substitutions, for instance Nick substitutes Gatsby for an ideal that he wants to be. While in â€Å"Yet Do I Marvel† the substitution is in a Puritanical God verses a sort of Greek deity. These texts relate how a society can change and influence the actions of individuals and though one may try to use it as a substitution for spirituality it is insubstantial as portrayed by the vapid natures of the hollow men in Eliot’s poem. The act of trying to force an ideal of spirituality into a societal mold doesn’t seem to work and only seems to result in a lack of understanding on the part of the society. Such is the example in Countee Cullen’s poem. His ability to sing may have come from God but it didn’t fit what his community was used to and so resulted in persecution. Inevitably society cannot replace spirituality without losin g a portion of it’s soul and resulting in men that are devoid of life. Works Cited Cullen, Countee. â€Å"Yet Do I Marvel† The Pearson Custom Library of American Literature. Eds. John Bryan, et al. Boston: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2007. 265. Eliot, T.S. â€Å"The Hollow Men† The Pearson Custom Library of American Literature. Eds. John Bryan, et al. Boston: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2007. 249- 253. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribner, 2004. Print.

Conflict Handling Style Essay - 723 Words

II.C.5 What’s My Preferred Conflict-Handling Style? Instrument When you differ with someone, how do you respond? Use the following rating scale to record your answers : 1= Practically never 2= Once in a great while 3= Sometimes 4= Fairly often 5= Very often 1. I work to come out victorious, no matter what. 1 2 3 4 5 2. I try to put the needs of other before myself. 1 2 3 4 5 3. I look for a mutually satisfactory solution. 1 2 3 4 5 4. I try not to get involved in conflicts. 1 2 3 4 5 5. I strive to investigate issues thoroughly and jointly. 1†¦show more content†¦I stress the advantages of give-and-take. 1 2 3 4 5 19. I agree early on, rather than argue about a point. 1 2 3 4 5 20. I state my position as only one point of view. 1 2 3 4 5 ___ Source: Based on conflict dimensions defined in K. W. Thomas, â€Å"Conflict and Conflict Management,† in M. Dunnette (ed.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1976), pp. 889-935. Scoring Key To calculate your conflict-handling score, add up your totals for each of the five categories. Categories and corresponding items are listed below. Analysis and Interpretation Research has identified five conflict-handling styles. They are defined as follows: Competing = A desire to satisfy ones interests, regardless of the impact on other party to the conflict. Items 1, 6, 11, and 16 in this instrument tap this style. Collaborating = Where the parties to a conflict each desire to satisfy fully the concerns of all parties. Items 5, 10, 15, and 20 in this instrument. Avoiding = The desire to withdraw from or suppress the conflict. Items 4, 9, 14, and 19 in this instrument. Accommodating = Willingness of one party in a conflict to place the opponent’s interests above his or her own. Items 2, 7, 12, and 17 in this instrument. Compromising = Where each party to a conflict is willing to give up something. 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Resistance Within The Iliad Helen s Agency Demolished

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